不同方向运动的神经机制。
Nervous mechanisms of locomotion in different directions.
作者信息
Deliagina Tatiana G, Musienko Pavel E, Zelenin Pavel V
机构信息
Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
出版信息
Curr Opin Physiol. 2019 Apr;8:7-13. doi: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.11.010. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Locomotion, that is active propulsive movement of the body in space, is a vital motor function. Intensive studies of the main, for the majority of living beings, form of locomotion, forward locomotion, have revealed essential features of the organization and operation of underlying neural mechanisms. However, animals and humans are capable to locomote not only forward but also in other directions in relation to the body axis, e.g. backward, sideways, etc. Single steps in different directions are also used for postural corrections during locomotion and during standing. Recent studies of mechanisms underlying control of locomotion in different directions have greatly expanded our knowledge about locomotor system and can contribute to improvement of rehabilitation strategies aimed at restoration of locomotion and balance control in patients. This review outlines recent advances in the studies of locomotion in different directions in lower and higher vertebrates, with special attention given to the neuronal locomotor mechanisms.
运动，即在空间中身体的主动推进运动，是一项至关重要的运动功能。对于大多数生物而言，对主要的运动形式——向前运动——的深入研究揭示了其潜在神经机制的组织和运作的基本特征。然而，动物和人类不仅能够向前运动，还能够相对于身体轴线向其他方向运动，例如向后、向侧面等。在运动和站立过程中，不同方向的单步也用于姿势矫正。最近对不同方向运动控制机制的研究极大地扩展了我们对运动系统的认识，并有助于改进旨在恢复患者运动和平衡控制的康复策略。本综述概述了低等和高等脊椎动物不同方向运动研究的最新进展，特别关注神经元运动机制。
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