Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
PLoS Biol. 2019 Aug 30;17(8):e3000394. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000394. eCollection 2019 Aug.
Evolutionary biologists are increasingly using population genetic variation across genomes to address questions around the origin and ongoing evolution of species. Patterns of differentiation between closely related species are highly variable across the genome, and a wide variety of processes contribute to that variation. There is an emerging pattern of parallelism, whereby different species pairs in groups of related species show similar differentiation patterns across their genomes, offering an opportunity to test hypotheses regarding the processes underlying species differentiation. A recent study used both simulations and empirical data to investigate different forms of selection in a radiation of monkeyflowers. The parallel patterns emerged very rapidly after divergence and could not be readily explained by selection for removal of deleterious mutations but instead likely results from some combination of adaptive evolution, species incompatibilities, and ongoing gene flow. Overall, an emerging pattern is that there may be a surprising degree of predictability in the genetic architecture of species differences across groups of related species.
进化生物学家越来越多地利用基因组中的种群遗传变异来解决有关物种起源和持续进化的问题。在整个基因组中，密切相关的物种之间的分化模式高度多样化，多种过程导致了这种变异。有一种新兴的平行模式，即相关物种组中的不同物种对在其基因组中表现出相似的分化模式，为检验有关物种分化背后过程的假设提供了机会。最近的一项研究使用模拟和实验数据来研究猴面花辐射中的不同形式的选择。这种平行模式在分化后很快出现，不能简单地用选择去除有害突变来解释，而是可能是适应进化、物种不兼容和持续基因流的某种组合的结果。总的来说，一个新兴的模式是，在相关物种组中，物种差异的遗传结构可能具有惊人的可预测性。
