Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., L226, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., R&D 27, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2019 Aug 30;19(10):79. doi: 10.1007/s11910-019-0991-2.
The purpose of this review is to familiarize the reader with assessments and measurement of spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Spasticity affects 60-84% of people with MS, worsening as disability worsens and impacting activity, participation, and quality of life. Spasticity manifests in many ways, including spasms, resistance to passive stretch, pain, and perception of tightness, and can affect muscles throughout the body, making assessment and quantification of spasticity challenging but important. Assessment tools include those quantified by clinicians, instrumentation, and patients.
Most tools for measuring spasticity are based on clinician scoring, were developed many years ago, and have undergone minimal recent advances. More recent developments are patient-reported outcome measures for spasticity, including the Numeric Rating Scale for Spasticity (NRS-S) and the disease-specific Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity Scale-88 (MSSS), and, most recently, imaging through elastography. MS-related spasticity is common and often disabling. There are various spasticity measurement tools available, each with advantages and limitations. Newer tools are likely to be developed as our understanding of spasticity in MS grows.
本文旨在使读者熟悉多发性硬化症（MS）患者痉挛的评估和测量。痉挛影响 60-84%的 MS 患者，随着残疾的恶化而恶化，并影响活动、参与和生活质量。痉挛表现为多种形式，包括痉挛、被动伸展抵抗、疼痛和紧绷感，并且可能影响全身的肌肉，这使得痉挛的评估和量化具有挑战性，但又很重要。评估工具包括临床医生量化的、仪器化的和患者自我报告的工具。
大多数痉挛测量工具都是基于临床医生评分的，它们是多年前开发的，并且最近几乎没有什么进展。最近的发展是针对痉挛的患者报告结局测量工具，包括痉挛数字评分量表（NRS-S）和多发性硬化症痉挛量表-88（MSSS），以及最近的弹性成像。MS 相关的痉挛很常见，且通常会导致残疾。有各种痉挛测量工具可供选择，每种工具都有其优点和局限性。随着我们对 MS 中痉挛的理解不断加深，可能会开发出更多新的工具。
