Saint Louis Zoo, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Animal Welfare and Research Department, Denver Zoo, Denver, CO, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1200:507-543. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-23633-5_17.
Wildlife conservation requires varying degrees of management of endangered species as well as management of their potential predators and competitors. Conservation also depends on ameliorating human-wildlife conflict, especially where there is a threat to the safety of people and of their pets and livestock. In addition, sustainability of wildlife populations can be affected by feral domestic animals or invasive species, that require removal or control. With the increasing concern for animal welfare, non-lethal methods of limiting population size and distribution, such as fertility control, are gaining favor. Breeding programs in zoos depend on highly effective and selective contraception to manage sustainable insurance populations. This review covers fertility control methods currently in use, those that have not lived up to past promises, and others that are under development and present hope for addressing remaining challenges.
野生动物保护需要对濒危物种进行不同程度的管理，以及对其潜在的捕食者和竞争者进行管理。保护还取决于缓解人与野生动物的冲突，特别是在威胁到人类及其宠物和牲畜的安全的情况下。此外，野生动物种群的可持续性可能会受到野生动物或入侵物种的影响，这些物种需要被清除或控制。随着人们对动物福利的日益关注，限制种群规模和分布的非致命方法，如控制生育，越来越受到青睐。动物园的繁殖计划依赖于高效和选择性的避孕措施来管理可持续的保险种群。本综述涵盖了目前使用的生育控制方法、那些没有实现过去承诺的方法，以及其他正在开发的方法，这些方法为解决剩余的挑战带来了希望。
