Orthopeadics and Internal Medicine, UNC Sports Medicine, James A Taylor Campus Health Service, CB#7470, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Clin Sports Med. 2019 Oct;38(4):545-554. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2019.05.004. Epub 2019 Jul 29.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in difficulties with sustaining attention in tasks and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. Prevalence rates vary and difficulties in objectively diagnosing ADHD may lead to overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. Assessment should include a comprehensive evaluation, including history, physical, psychological evaluation, and questionnaires for ADHD. Stimulant medications are effective for treatment, but their use, side effects, and potential for misuse and abuse are a concern, particularly in athletes. Athletes and physicians also need to be aware of the governing body's drug policy for the sport.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种神经发育障碍，表现为在任务中维持注意力和/或多动/冲动方面存在困难。患病率存在差异，并且客观诊断 ADHD 的困难可能导致过度诊断或漏诊。评估应包括全面评估，包括病史、体格检查、心理评估和 ADHD 问卷。兴奋剂药物对治疗有效，但它们的使用、副作用以及误用和滥用的可能性是一个关注的问题，特别是在运动员中。运动员和医生还需要了解该运动管理机构的药物政策。
