Hickey G, Fricker P
Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Sports Med. 1999 Jan;27(1):11-21. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199927010-00002.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 1 to 10% of children and is characterised by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. Over one-half of children with ADHD have associated conditions, including learning disabilities, conduct disorders, poor coordination, depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorders and bipolar disorders. CNS stimulant medication used in the management of ADHD is not permitted for use in competition by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and this poses a problem for the physicians of patients with ADHD. On the one hand, attention and concentration are improved by stimulant medication and fine motor coordination and balance are improved after methylphenidate administration, but these therapeutic and sport-related benefits are not available to the athlete with ADHD who wishes to compete under IOC rules. It has been suggested that treatment with methylphenidate may be suitable for athletes with ADHD, as cessation of therapy 24 hours before competition is usually adequate to allow drug clearance which should avoid a positive result being returned on drug testing. More research is needed to establish whether stimulant medication for athletes with ADHD provides an unfair advantage in competition.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）影响1%至10%的儿童，其特征是注意力不集中和/或多动/冲动行为持续存在。超过一半的ADHD儿童伴有其他病症，包括学习障碍、品行障碍、协调性差、抑郁、焦虑、强迫症和双相情感障碍。国际奥委会（IOC）不允许将用于治疗ADHD的中枢神经系统兴奋剂药物用于比赛，这给ADHD患者的医生带来了问题。一方面，兴奋剂药物可改善注意力和专注力，服用哌甲酯后精细运动协调性和平衡能力也会提高，但希望按照国际奥委会规则参赛的ADHD运动员无法获得这些治疗及与运动相关的益处。有人提出，哌甲酯治疗可能适用于患有ADHD的运动员，因为通常在比赛前24小时停止治疗就足以使药物清除，从而避免药检呈阳性结果。需要更多研究来确定用于ADHD运动员的兴奋剂药物是否会在比赛中提供不公平优势。
