Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
Clin J Sport Med. 2019 May;29(3):245-256. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000508.
Uncover literature pertaining to: (1) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and how it impacts athletes; (2) ADHD medication effects; (3) regulations regarding ADHD medications; (4) approaches to conditions similar to, and occurring with, ADHD; and (5) use of stimulants.
MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Ovid interface.
ADHD can have many effects on athletes and sports participation. Exercise has positive benefits on ADHD behaviors and players' attitudes. Athletes with ADHD can have worsened ADHD symptoms after concussions. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a modifier of return to play; baseline ADHD symptoms should be used to guide management. Management should include medications, behavioral/psychosocial therapy, and academic accommodations. Behavioral therapy combined with medication is superior to behavioral treatment alone. Sustained exercise as ADHD treatment should be considered mainstay in management. Sports can increase thermogenic effects of stimulants, heat injury, and cardiac arrhythmias. Increased aggressiveness, improved pain tolerance, and decreased sense of fatigue are some attributes of stimulants that are presumed to impart some advantage to athletes, but evidence is uncertain. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications may lead to myocardial infarctions, cerebrovascular accidents, paranoid psychoses, seizures, insomnia, tremors, anxiety, hypertension, and death.
Athletes' performance and quality of life can be negatively affected by ADHD. Risks exist for those who take ADHD medications. More research is needed on the implications ADHD may have in specific sports, and on possible advantages of medication use. Potential deleterious effects of these medications should be addressed.
查找关于：（1）注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）及其对运动员的影响；（2）ADHD 药物治疗效果；（3）ADHD 药物治疗规定；（4）与 ADHD 相似且并发的病症的处理方法；（5）兴奋剂使用的文献。
MEDLINE、Embase、PsycINFO、Cochrane 系统评价数据库、Ovid 接口。
ADHD 可对运动员和运动参与产生诸多影响。运动对 ADHD 行为和运动员态度有积极的益处。患有 ADHD 的运动员在脑震荡后可能会出现更严重的 ADHD 症状。ADHD 是恢复运动的修饰因子；应根据 ADHD 基线症状来指导管理。管理应包括药物治疗、行为/心理社会治疗和学术适应。行为治疗联合药物治疗优于单纯行为治疗。将持续运动作为 ADHD 治疗应被视为管理的基础。运动可增加兴奋剂的热效应、热损伤和心律失常。兴奋剂的一些特性，如攻击性增强、疼痛耐受提高和疲劳感降低，被认为会给运动员带来一些优势，但证据尚不确定。ADHD 药物治疗可能导致心肌梗死、中风、偏执性精神病、癫痫发作、失眠、震颤、焦虑、高血压和死亡。
ADHD 会对运动员的表现和生活质量产生负面影响。服用 ADHD 药物的人存在风险。需要对 ADHD 可能对特定运动产生的影响以及药物使用可能带来的优势进行更多研究。应解决这些药物的潜在有害影响。
