Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, CEP: 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, CEP: 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, CEP: 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, CEP: 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Neuroscience. 2019 Oct 15;418:218-230. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.036. Epub 2019 Aug 29.
Intrauterine exposure to exercise is beneficial to cognition of the offspring. Although it is advisable to start practicing physical exercise during pregnancy, it is probable that practitioners or sedentary women keep their previous habits during gestation. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of maternal aerobic exercise initiated before and maintained during gestation, or performed in these isolated periods, on cognition and plasticity in the hippocampus of offspring. Groups of male pups were categorized by the exposure of their mothers to: treadmill off (sedentary, SS), pregestational exercise (ES), gestational exercise (SE) or combined protocols (EE). Between postnatal day 20 (P20) and P23 the offspring received one daily 5-bromo-2'-deoxiuridine (BrdU) injection and, from P47 to P51, were evaluated by the Morris water maze task. At P53, hippocampal global DNA methylation, survival of progenitor cells (BrdU), Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and reelin levels were measured. The offspring from ES, SE and EE mothers demonstrated improved spatial learning compared to SS, but hippocampal DNA methylation was significantly modified only in the offspring from ES mothers. The offspring from ES and SE mothers presented higher number of BrdU+ and reelin+ hippocampal cells than EE and SS. No differences were observed in the BDNF levels among the groups. The maternal pregestational and gestational isolated exercise protocols showed similar effects for offspring plasticity and spatial cognitive ability, while the combined protocol simply improved their spatial learning. Interestingly, only pregestational exercise was able to induce plasticity in the offspring hippocampus associated with modulation of global DNA methylation.
子宫内的运动暴露对后代的认知有益。虽然建议在怀孕期间开始进行体育锻炼，但运动者或久坐不动的女性在怀孕期间可能会保持以前的习惯。本研究旨在评估母亲在妊娠前和妊娠期间开始并维持的有氧运动，或在这些孤立时期进行的有氧运动，对后代海马体认知和可塑性的影响。雄性幼鼠分为四组，其母亲分别暴露于：跑步机关闭（久坐，SS）、妊娠前运动（ES）、妊娠运动（SE）或综合方案（EE）。在出生后第 20 天（P20）和第 23 天（P23），幼鼠接受每日一次的 5-溴-2'-脱氧尿苷（BrdU）注射，从第 47 天到第 51 天，通过 Morris 水迷宫任务进行评估。在 P53 时，测量海马体总 DNA 甲基化、祖细胞（BrdU）存活、脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）和 reelin 水平。与 SS 相比，ES、SE 和 EE 母亲的后代表现出更好的空间学习能力，但只有 ES 母亲的后代的海马体 DNA 甲基化显著改变。ES 和 SE 母亲的后代海马体中 BrdU+和 reelin+细胞数量高于 EE 和 SS。各组 BDNF 水平无差异。母亲妊娠前和妊娠孤立运动方案对后代的可塑性和空间认知能力具有相似的影响，而综合方案仅改善了其空间学习能力。有趣的是，只有妊娠前运动能够诱导后代海马体的可塑性，与调节总 DNA 甲基化有关。
