Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Department of Psychology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottowa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
Addict Behav. 2019 Dec;99:106106. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106106. Epub 2019 Aug 20.
Peer substance use strongly predicts adolescent and young adult substance use, but its role in ADHD-related risk for substance use, especially in adulthood, is unclear. In a sample with (n = 516) and without (n = 249) childhood ADHD from the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD, we compared associations between change over time in peer substance use and personal substance use (alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, illicit drugs) from age 14-26 by ADHD status. Developmentally typical peer substance use trajectories across adolescence and young adulthood coincided with similar changes in personal use - but less so for those with ADHD histories. Concurrent associations between peer and personal use in adolescence and young adulthood were weaker for those with ADHD histories than without for commonly used substances (alcohol, marijuana). Prospectively, escalating peer use during adolescence forecasted adulthood declines for commonly used substances, yet persistently high substance use at age 25, regardless of ADHD history. In the reverse direction, growth in adolescent substance use predicted developmentally normative young adult declines in peer use - but for the ADHD group, adolescent heavy drinking predicted increases in young adult peer use. Findings suggest that individuals with ADHD may have difficulty emulating their peers' developmentally normative declines in substance use, highlighting the importance of social factors when treating young adults affected by ADHD and substance abuse.
同伴物质使用强烈预测青少年和年轻成人物质使用，但它在 ADHD 相关物质使用风险中的作用，特别是在成年期，尚不清楚。在 ADHD 的多模式治疗研究中，有（n=516）和没有（n=249）儿童 ADHD 的样本中，我们比较了 ADHD 状态下，同伴物质使用随时间的变化与个人物质使用（酒精、香烟、大麻、非法药物）之间从 14 岁到 26 岁的关联。青少年和年轻成人期间同伴物质使用的典型发展轨迹与个人使用的相似变化一致 - 但对于有 ADHD 病史的人来说则不然。对于有 ADHD 病史的人来说，青春期和年轻成人时期同伴和个人使用之间的同期关联比没有 ADHD 病史的人弱。青春期同伴使用的增加预测了成年期常用物质的下降，但无论 ADHD 病史如何，25 岁时仍持续存在高物质使用。相反，青少年时期物质使用的增加预示着青少年时期同伴使用的发展性正常下降 - 但对于 ADHD 组，青少年期重度饮酒预示着年轻成人时期同伴使用的增加。研究结果表明，ADHD 患者可能难以模仿其同伴物质使用的发展性正常下降，这凸显了在治疗受 ADHD 和物质滥用影响的年轻成年人时社会因素的重要性。
