Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020 Jun;195(2):591-612. doi: 10.1007/s12011-019-01862-9. Epub 2019 Aug 31.
Nano-technology is an emerging technology with tremendous potential and diverse applications in human health, agriculture, and animal nutrition. It also offers potential advantages in supporting research in many areas of life sciences. Nano-technology has many vital biological applications as living systems depend on many nano-scale objects like proteins, DNA, and enzymes. Trace minerals are normally used in very minute quantity in animal nutrition but issues like lower bioavailability, antagonism, and higher excretion rates from body limit their efficiency. Nano-technology offers opportunity to mediate these issues as nano-particles possess different physical and chemical properties than other forms of minerals. Nano-particles possess higher physical activity and chemical neutrality. Bioavailability can be enhanced by increasing the surface area of respective minerals by making their nano-particles. Owing to potential advantages of nano-particles, interest in exploring their potential use and efficacy in animal production has increased significantly in this decade. Although limited literature is available regarding potential effects of nano-particles in poultry nutrition, still some convincing evidences have suggested the feeding of trace minerals (zinc, copper, silver, selenium, iron, chromium, and manganese) in the diets of broilers, layers, turkeys, quails, etc. Excellent antimicrobial activities of nano-particles of Ag, Cu, and Zn, against key poultry pathogens like Salmonella and Campylobacter, indicate their potential for effective use in poultry production. Recent studies have also demonstrated modulation of gut health by nano-particle through increasing abundance of beneficial microbes (Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium) and production of short-chain fatty acids. This review aims to provide insights on absorption, metabolism, and distribution of nano-minerals in the body. Moreover, potential applications and various aspects of using nano-trace minerals in different poultry species with potential effects on performance and health of birds are discussed.
纳米技术是一项具有巨大潜力的新兴技术，在人类健康、农业和动物营养等领域有着广泛的应用。它在支持生命科学多个领域的研究方面也具有潜在优势。由于生命系统依赖于许多纳米级物体，如蛋白质、DNA 和酶，因此纳米技术在许多重要的生物学应用中具有很大的潜力。痕量矿物质在动物营养中通常用量非常微小，但由于生物利用率低、拮抗作用和从体内排泄率高，限制了它们的效率。纳米技术提供了一种解决这些问题的机会，因为纳米颗粒具有与其他形式矿物质不同的物理和化学性质。纳米颗粒具有更高的物理活性和化学中性。通过将相应矿物质制成纳米颗粒，可以增加其表面积，从而提高生物利用率。由于纳米颗粒具有潜在优势，因此在这十年中，人们对探索其在动物生产中的潜在用途和功效的兴趣显著增加。尽管关于纳米颗粒在禽类营养中的潜在影响的文献有限，但仍有一些令人信服的证据表明，在肉鸡、蛋鸡、火鸡、鹌鹑等的日粮中添加微量元素（锌、铜、银、硒、铁、铬和锰）。纳米银、铜和锌颗粒对禽类关键病原体如沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌具有出色的抗菌活性，表明它们在禽类生产中有潜在的有效应用。最近的研究还表明，纳米颗粒通过增加有益微生物（乳酸菌和粪杆菌）的丰度和短链脂肪酸的产生来调节肠道健康。本综述旨在提供关于纳米矿物质在体内的吸收、代谢和分布的见解。此外，还讨论了纳米微量元素在不同禽类中的潜在应用和各种方面，以及对禽类性能和健康的潜在影响。
