Danone Nutricia Research, RD, 128 Avenue de la Vauve, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
Danone Nutricia Research, RD, 128 Avenue de la Vauve, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
Trends Microbiol. 2019 Dec;27(12):997-1010. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.08.001. Epub 2019 Aug 29.
Appreciation of the importance of the gut microbiome is growing, and it is becoming increasingly relevant to identify preventive or therapeutic solutions targeting it. The composition and function of the gut microbiota are relatively well described for infants (less than 3 years) and adults, but have been largely overlooked in pre-school (3-6 years) and primary school-age (6-12 years) children, as well as teenagers (12-18 years). Early reports suggested that the infant microbiota would attain an adult-like structure at the age of 3 years, but recent studies have suggested that microbiota development may take longer. This development time is of key importance because there is evidence to suggest that deviations in this development may have consequences in later life. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge concerning the gut microbiota, its evolution, variation, and response to dietary challenges during the first decade of life with a focus on healthy pre-school and primary school-age children (up to 12 years) from various populations around the globe. This knowledge should facilitate the identification of diet-based approaches targeting individuals of this age group, to promote the development of a healthy microbiota in later life.
人们越来越重视肠道微生物组，并且越来越需要寻找针对其的预防或治疗方法。对于婴儿（3 岁以下）和成人，肠道微生物群的组成和功能已经得到了较好的描述，但对于学前儿童（3-6 岁）和小学生（6-12 岁）以及青少年（12-18 岁），这方面的研究却很少。早期的报告表明，婴儿的微生物组在 3 岁时会达到成人样的结构，但最近的研究表明，微生物组的发育可能需要更长的时间。这个发育时间非常重要，因为有证据表明，这种发育的偏差可能会对以后的生活产生影响。在这篇综述中，我们概述了目前关于肠道微生物组的知识，包括其在生命的第一个十年中的演变、变化以及对饮食挑战的反应，重点是来自全球不同人群的健康学前和小学生（至 12 岁）。这些知识应该有助于确定针对该年龄段人群的基于饮食的方法，以促进健康微生物组在以后生活中的发展。
