Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, 400 S Orange Ave, South Orange, NJ, USA; Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology (INIP), Seton Hall University, 400 S Orange Ave, South Orange, NJ, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, 400 S Orange Ave, South Orange, NJ, USA.
Behav Brain Res. 2019 Dec 30;376:112196. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112196. Epub 2019 Aug 30.
About 99% of the unique genes and almost half of the cells found in the human body come from microbes including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. Collectively these microorganisms contribute to the microbiome and often reside in the gut. The gut microbiome plays an important role in the body and contributes to digestive health, the immune system, and brain function. The gut microbiome interacts with the central nervous system through the vagal pathways as well as the endocrine or immune pathways. Changes in the proportion or diversity of the microbiota can have an impact on normal physiology and has been implicated in inflammation, depression, obesity, and addiction. Several animal studies suggest the involvement of gut microbiome in the regulation of pain, emotion, and cognition. Alcoholism has been linked with gut microbiome dysbiosis and thus can have deleterious effects on the gut-brain axis balance. Gut microbiome produces important metabolites such as gastrointestinal hormones, short chain fatty acids, precursors to the neuroactive compounds and neurotransmitters that impact the physiology and normal functioning of the body. The microbiome imbalance has been correlated with behavioral changes and alcohol dependence in the host. The objective of this study is to elucidate the link between alcohol induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and any behavioral impact that could incur. A thorough literature search of various databases was conducted to gather data for the alcohol prompted gut microbiome dysbiosis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was then utilized to identify links between alcoholism, gut microbiome derived metabolites, and their role in behavior alterations. Overall, this meta-analysis reviews information available on the connection between alcohol induced gut microbiome dysbiosis and the resulting behavioral impact.
人体中约 99%的独特基因和近一半的细胞来自微生物，包括细菌、古菌、真菌和病毒。这些微生物共同构成了微生物组，通常存在于肠道中。肠道微生物组在体内起着重要作用，有助于消化健康、免疫系统和大脑功能。肠道微生物组通过迷走神经途径以及内分泌或免疫途径与中枢神经系统相互作用。微生物群的比例或多样性的变化会对正常生理产生影响，并与炎症、抑郁、肥胖和成瘾有关。一些动物研究表明，肠道微生物组参与了疼痛、情绪和认知的调节。酒精中毒与肠道微生物组失调有关，因此会对肠道-大脑轴平衡产生有害影响。肠道微生物组产生重要的代谢物，如胃肠道激素、短链脂肪酸、神经活性化合物和神经递质的前体，这些代谢物会影响身体的生理和正常功能。微生物组失衡与宿主的行为改变和酒精依赖有关。本研究的目的是阐明酒精引起的肠道微生物组失调与任何可能发生的行为影响之间的联系。通过对各种数据库进行全面的文献检索，收集了酒精引起的肠道微生物组失调的数据。然后使用Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) 软件来识别酒精中毒、肠道微生物组衍生代谢物及其在行为改变中的作用之间的联系。总的来说，这项荟萃分析综述了关于酒精引起的肠道微生物组失调与由此产生的行为影响之间的关联的现有信息。
