Immunodiagnostic of leprosy exploiting a photoelectrochemical platform based on a recombinant peptide mimetic of a Mycobacterium leprae antigen.

The first serum diagnosis of leprosy based on the detection of antibodies of patients using a recombinant mimetic peptide (PGL1M3R) as recognition element and exploiting a photoelectrochemical sensor is presented in this work. The photoeletrochemical platform consists of cadmium sulphide and nickel hydroxide electrodeposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass slide (CdS/Ni(OH)/FTO). The optical band gap and flat band potential of the photoelectroactive materials were evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The spatial photoelectrochemical response of the platform was evaluated by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy and the morphology of the films was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The photoelectrochemical response of the CdS/Ni(OH)/FTO platform was optimized by evaluating the effects of the kind, concentration, and pH of the buffer. Furthermore, the applied potential to the CdS/Ni(OH)/FTO platform was also investigated. The CdS/Ni(OH)/FTO photoelectrochemical platform was modified with a synthetic peptide by using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking reagent and chitosan (CS) for the covalent coupling of the peptide to the photoelectrochemical platform (PGL1M3R/CdS/Ni(OH)/FTO). The photoelectrochemical immunosensor is able to distinguishing between positive and negative leprosy human sera samples diluted from 1:640 up to 1:10240. Furthermore, to test the specificity of the sensor, samples from tuberculosis and leishmaniasis patients were analyzed using the proposed photoelectrochemical immunosensor.