Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, P. O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
Department of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
J Hazard Mater. 2020 Jan 15;382:121067. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121067. Epub 2019 Aug 24.
This work describes a simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous isolation, enrichment, identification and quantitation of selected antiretroviral drugs; emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil and efavirenz in aqueous samples and plants. The analytical method was based on microwave extraction and hollow fibre liquid phase microextraction technique coupled with ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. A multivariate approach via a half-fractional factorial design was used focusing on six factors; donor phase pH, acceptor phase HCl concentration, extraction time, stirring rate, supported liquid membrane carrier composition and salt content. The optimal enrichment factors for emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil and efavirenz from aqueous phase were 78, 111 and 24, respectively. The analytical method yielded recoveries in the range of 86 to 111%, and quantitation limits for emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil and efavirenz in wastewater were 0.033, 0.10 and 0.53 μg L, respectively. The drugs were detected in most samples with concentrations up to 37.6 μg L recorded for efavirenz in wastewater effluent. Roots of the water hyacinth plant had higher concentrations of the investigated drugs ranging from 7.4 to 29.6 μg kg. Overall, hollow fibre liquid phase microextraction proved to be an ideal tool for isolating and pre-concentrating the selected antiretroviral drugs from environmental samples.
本工作描述了一种简单灵敏的方法，用于同时分离、富集、鉴定和定量水样和植物中选定的抗逆转录病毒药物；恩曲他滨、替诺福韦二吡呋酯和依非韦伦。分析方法基于微波萃取和中空纤维液相微萃取技术与超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱联用。采用半分因子设计的多元方法，重点关注六个因素；供体相 pH 值、受体相 HCl 浓度、萃取时间、搅拌速度、支撑液膜载体组成和盐含量。恩曲他滨、替诺福韦二吡呋酯和依非韦伦从水相的最佳富集因子分别为 78、111 和 24。该分析方法的回收率在 86%至 111%范围内，废水中恩曲他滨、替诺福韦二吡呋酯和依非韦伦的定量限分别为 0.033、0.10 和 0.53μg/L。在大多数样品中都检测到了这些药物，其中废水流出物中依非韦伦的浓度高达 37.6μg/L。水葫芦植物的根中含有更高浓度的研究药物，范围为 7.4 至 29.6μg/kg。总体而言，中空纤维液相微萃取被证明是一种从环境样品中分离和预浓缩选定抗逆转录病毒药物的理想工具。
