Liu J B, Yan H L, Zhang Y, Hu Y D, Zhang H F
School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China.
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2020 Apr;33(4):605-614. doi: 10.5713/ajas.19.0224. Epub 2019 Aug 3.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of stale maize on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant capacity in broilers.
A total of 800 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers (45.4±0.5 g) were blocked based on body weight, and then allocated randomly to 2 treatments with 20 cages per treatment and 20 broilers per cage in this 6-week experiment. Dietary treatments included a basal diet and diets with 100% of control maize replaced by stale maize.
The content of fat acidity value was higher (p<0.05) while the starch, activities of catalase and peroxidase were lower (p<0.05) than the control maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experiment, feed conversion ratio (FCR) during d 0 to 21 and the whole experiment as well as relative weight of liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus (p<0.05) on d 21. Feeding stale maize diets decreased jejunum villus height (VH) and VH/crypt depth (CD) (p<0.05) on d 21 and 42 as well as ileum VH/CD on d 42. The levels of immunoglobulin G, acid α-naphthylacetate esterase positive ratios and lymphocyte proliferation on d 21 and 42 as well as lysozyme activity and avian influenza antibody H5N1 titer on d 21 decreased (p<0.05) by the stale maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) serum interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2 on d 21 and interleukin-6 on d 21 and 42. Broilers fed stale maize diets had lower levels of (p<0.05) total antioxidative capacity on d 42, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase on d 21 and 42, but higher (p<0.05) levels of malondialdehyde on d 21 and 42.
Feeding 100% stale maize decreased ADFI and FCR, caused adverse effects on immunity and antioxidant function and altered intestinal morphology in broilers.
本研究旨在确定陈旧玉米对肉鸡生长性能、免疫力、肠道形态及抗氧化能力的影响。
本6周试验中，将800只1日龄雄性艾维茵肉鸡（45.4±0.5克）按体重进行分组，然后随机分为2个处理组，每个处理组20个笼子，每个笼子20只肉鸡。日粮处理包括基础日粮以及用陈旧玉米替代100%对照玉米的日粮。
陈旧玉米的脂肪酸值含量较高（p<0.05），而淀粉含量、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性低于对照玉米（p<0.05）。在整个试验期间，饲喂陈旧玉米日粮降低了（p<0.05）平均日采食量（ADFI），在第0至21天以及整个试验期间降低了饲料转化率（FCR），并在第21天降低了肝脏、脾脏、法氏囊和胸腺的相对重量（p<0.05）。在第21天和第42天，饲喂陈旧玉米日粮降低了空肠绒毛高度（VH）和VH/隐窝深度（CD）（p<0.05），在第42天降低了回肠VH/CD。陈旧玉米使第21天和第42天的免疫球蛋白G水平、酸性α-萘乙酸酯酶阳性率和淋巴细胞增殖以及第21天的溶菌酶活性和禽流感抗体H5N1滴度降低（p<0.05）。饲喂陈旧玉米日粮降低了第21天的血清干扰素-γ、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-2以及第21天和第42天的白细胞介素-6水平（p<0.05）。在第42天，饲喂陈旧玉米日粮的肉鸡总抗氧化能力水平较低（p<0.05），在第21天和第42天超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平较低，但在第21天和第42天丙二醛水平较高（p<0.05）。
饲喂100%陈旧玉米会降低ADFI和FCR，对肉鸡的免疫力和抗氧化功能产生不利影响，并改变肠道形态。
