Germeraad Evelien A, Sanders Pim, Hagenaars Thomas J, Jong Mart C M de, Beerens Nancy, Gonzales Jose L
Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, WBVR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
Viruses. 2019 Sep 2;11(9):812. doi: 10.3390/v11090812.
Understanding virus shedding patterns of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry is important for understanding host-pathogen interactions and developing effective control strategies. Many AIV strains were studied in challenge experiments in poultry, but no study has combined data from those studies to identify general AIV shedding patterns. These systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to summarize qualitative and quantitative information on virus shedding levels and duration for different AIV strains in experimentally infected poultry species. Methods were designed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four electronic databases were used to collect literature. A total of 1155 abstract were screened, with 117 studies selected for the qualitative analysis and 71 studies for the meta-analysis. A large heterogeneity in experimental methods was observed and the quantitative analysis showed that experimental variables such as species, virus origin, age, inoculation route and dose, affect virus shedding (mean, peak and duration) for highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV), low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) or both. In conclusion, this study highlights the need to standardize experimental procedures, it provides a comprehensive summary of the shedding patterns of AIV strains by infected poultry and identifies the variables that influence the level and duration of AIV shedding.
了解禽流感病毒（AIV）在家禽中的排毒模式对于理解宿主与病原体的相互作用以及制定有效的控制策略至关重要。许多AIV毒株在家禽攻毒实验中得到了研究，但尚无研究将这些研究的数据整合起来以确定AIV的一般排毒模式。进行这些系统评价和荟萃分析是为了总结关于实验感染家禽物种中不同AIV毒株的病毒排毒水平和持续时间的定性和定量信息。研究方法是根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南设计的。使用四个电子数据库收集文献。共筛选了1155篇摘要，其中117项研究被选入定性分析，71项研究被选入荟萃分析。观察到实验方法存在很大的异质性，定量分析表明，诸如物种、病毒来源、年龄、接种途径和剂量等实验变量会影响高致病性AIV（HPAIV）、低致病性AIV（LPAIV）或两者的病毒排毒（平均值、峰值和持续时间）。总之，本研究强调了标准化实验程序的必要性，它全面总结了感染家禽的AIV毒株的排毒模式，并确定了影响AIV排毒水平和持续时间的变量。
