Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
Department of Basic Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China
Curr Med Chem. 2020;27(36):6159-6187. doi: 10.2174/0929867326666190903161750.
DNA methylation is considered as a crucial part of epigenetic modifications and a popular research topic in recent decades. It usually occurs with a methyl group adding to the fifth carbon atom of cytosine while the base sequence of DNA remains unchanged. DNA methylation has significant influences on maintaining cell functions, genetic imprinting, embryonic development and tumorigenesis procedures and hence the analysis of DNA methylation is of great medical significance. With the development of analytical techniques and further research on DNA methylation, numerous DNA methylation detection strategies based on biosensing technology have been developed to fulfill various study requirements. This article reviewed the development of electrochemistry and optical biosensing analysis of DNA methylation in recent years; in addition, we also reviewed some recent advances in the detection of DNA methylation using new techniques, such as nanopore biosensors, and highlighted the key technical and biological challenges involved in these methods. We hope this paper will provide useful information for the selection and establishment of analysis of DNA methylation.
DNA 甲基化被认为是表观遗传学修饰的重要组成部分，也是近几十年来的热门研究课题。它通常发生在甲基基团添加到胞嘧啶的第五个碳原子上，而 DNA 的碱基序列保持不变。DNA 甲基化对维持细胞功能、遗传印记、胚胎发育和肿瘤发生过程有重要影响，因此分析 DNA 甲基化具有重要的医学意义。随着分析技术的发展和对 DNA 甲基化的进一步研究，已经开发出了基于生物传感技术的大量 DNA 甲基化检测策略，以满足各种研究需求。本文综述了近年来电化学和光学生物传感分析 DNA 甲基化的发展；此外，我们还综述了一些利用新技术（如纳米孔生物传感器）检测 DNA 甲基化的最新进展，并强调了这些方法所涉及的关键技术和生物学挑战。我们希望本文能为 DNA 甲基化分析的选择和建立提供有用的信息。
