Zhang Qian, Wu Yanxia, Xu Qinfeng, Ma Fei, Zhang Chun-Yang
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
Department of Pathology and Pathological Diagnosis & Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2021 Jan 1;171:112712. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112712. Epub 2020 Oct 8.
DNA methylation is the predominant epigenetic modification that participates in many fundamental cellular processes through posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Aberrant DNA methylation is closely associated with a variety of human diseases including cancers. Therefore, accurate and sensitive detection of DNA methylation may greatly facilitate the epigenetic biological researches and disease diagnosis. In recent years, a series of novel biosensors have been developed for highly sensitive detection of DNA methylation, but an overview of recent advances in biosensors for in vitro detection and especially live-cell imaging of DNA methylation is absent. In this review, we summarize the emerging biosensors for in vitro and in vivo DNA methylation assays in the past five years (2015-2020). Based on the signal types, the biosensors for in vitro DNA methylation assay are classified into five categories including fluorescent, electrochemical, colorimetric, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and surface plasmon resonance biosensors, while the biosensors for in vivo DNA methylation assay mainly rely on fluorescent imaging. We review the strategies, features and applications of these biosensors, and provide a new insight into the challenges and future directions in this area.
DNA甲基化是主要的表观遗传修饰，通过基因表达的转录后调控参与许多基本的细胞过程。异常的DNA甲基化与包括癌症在内的多种人类疾病密切相关。因此，准确、灵敏地检测DNA甲基化可能极大地促进表观遗传学的生物学研究和疾病诊断。近年来，已开发出一系列用于高灵敏检测DNA甲基化的新型生物传感器，但缺乏对用于体外检测尤其是DNA甲基化活细胞成像的生物传感器最新进展的综述。在本综述中，我们总结了过去五年（2015 - 2020年）中用于体外和体内DNA甲基化检测的新兴生物传感器。基于信号类型，用于体外DNA甲基化检测的生物传感器分为五类，包括荧光、电化学、比色、表面增强拉曼光谱、质谱和表面等离子体共振生物传感器，而用于体内DNA甲基化检测的生物传感器主要依赖荧光成像。我们综述了这些生物传感器的策略、特点和应用，并对该领域的挑战和未来方向提供了新的见解。
