Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Animal and Poultry Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Avian Pathol. 2020 Feb;49(1):47-55. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1662369. Epub 2019 Oct 3.
Outbreaks of avian trichomonosis are being reported worldwide; meanwhile, the genetic and virulence variations are under investigation. In this study, the occurrence and genetic variability of oral or faecal trichomonads among various avian species were investigated. Samples obtained from either the oropharyngeal cavity, crop/oesophagus, droppings/cloaca, or conjunctival swabs of avian species were inspected for flagellates. Phylogenetic analysis of partial ITS1-5.8s rRNA-ITS2 sequences from selected samples was performed to investigate the genetic diversity of the isolates. Investigation of 737 birds revealed an infection rate of 15.7% in the upper gastrointestinal tract, 7.3% in the faecal samples, and 0.7% involvement of the conjunctiva. Phylogenetic analysis of partial ITS1-5.8s rRNA-ITS2 sequences from selected samples, identified genotypes A and B of and genogroups A-C and E of . A novel ITS genotype of intestinal trichomonads was also detected in hooded crow () and common mynah (). In the present study, in addition to Columbiformes and Falconiformes, trichomonads were detected in Passeriformes and Galliformes with the involvement of organs other than the gastrointestinal tract. Genotype A was detected in domestic pigeons (), a laughing dove (), a common kestrel (), a budgerigar (), and a canary (). Distinct genotype B was detected in a common mynah and a budgerigar. Genogroups A-C of were also demonstrated in Galliformes and Anseriformes. Furthermore, two novel trichomonad ITS genotypes were detected in hooded crows and a common mynah warranting detailed multi-locus molecular analysis.ITS diversity of trichomonads was shown in various avian species.Diversity of the parasites' target organ and clinical manifestations was demonstrated.Two novel ITS genotype trichomonads from common mynah and hooded crow were identified.
世界各地都有报道称禽类滴虫病暴发；与此同时，其遗传和毒力变异正在研究中。在本研究中，我们调查了不同禽类种属中口腔或粪便滴虫的发生和遗传变异性。从禽类的口咽腔、嗉囊/食道、粪便/泄殖腔或结膜拭子中采集样本，检查鞭毛原虫。对从选定样本中获得的部分 ITS1-5.8s rRNA-ITS2 序列进行系统发育分析，以研究分离株的遗传多样性。对 737 只鸟类的调查显示，上消化道感染率为 15.7%，粪便样本感染率为 7.3%，结膜感染率为 0.7%。从选定样本中部分 ITS1-5.8s rRNA-ITS2 序列的系统发育分析鉴定出 和 属的 A 和 B 基因型以及 A-C 和 E 基因型。还在 Hooded crow（Corvus cornix）和 Common mynah（Acridotheres tristis）中检测到肠滴虫的新型 ITS 基因型。在本研究中，除了 Columbiformes 和 Falconiformes 外，还在 Passeriformes 和 Galliformes 中检测到滴虫，涉及胃肠道以外的器官。在家鸽（Columba livia）、笑鸽（Streptopelia senegalensis）、普通红隼（Falco tinnunculus）、虎皮鹦鹉（Melopsittacus undulatus）和金丝雀（Serinus canaria）中检测到 A 型 。在普通八哥和虎皮鹦鹉中检测到不同的 B 型。还在 Galliformes 和 Anseriformes 中检测到 属的 A-C 基因型。此外，在 Hooded crow 和 Common mynah 中检测到两种新型滴虫 ITS 基因型，需要进行详细的多基因座分子分析。本研究表明不同禽类种属中存在滴虫的 ITS 多样性。本研究证明了寄生虫靶器官和临床表现的多样性。从普通八哥和 Hooded crow 中鉴定出两种新型 ITS 基因型的滴虫。
