Grunenwald C, Sidor I, Mickley R, Dwyer C, Gerhold R
A Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, 1406 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996.
B Center for Wildlife Health, The University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996.
Avian Dis. 2018 Mar;62(1):117-123. doi: 10.1637/11742-080817-Reg.1.
During an outbreak of Wellfleet Bay virus (WFBV) in common eiders ( Somateria mollissima) from the Cape Cod region of Massachusetts, several birds were diagnosed with trichomonosis consisting of multiple trichomonad species. Six birds were examined, with trichomonads found in ceca in four birds and associated typhlitis in three of these four birds. PCR and DNA sequencing utilizing trichomonad-specific primers targeting the ITS1 region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) revealed the presence of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in the gastrointestinal tracts of five birds and Trichomonas spp. in the livers of two birds, one of which had a dual Te. gallinarum-Trichomonas gallinae infection. Sequence analysis revealed no variation between Te. gallinarum sequences whereas the ITS1 sequences obtained from the other Trichomonas spp. demonstrated the presence of multiple genotypes. One sequence had 100% identity to a Trichomonas sp. previously isolated from a Cooper's hawk ( Accipiter cooperii) and the other sequence was 100% identical to a previously described Tr. gallinae isolate obtained from a Pacific Coast band-tailed pigeon ( Patagioenas fasciata monilis). These findings suggest Te. gallinarum and other Trichomonas spp. possibly contributed to morbidity and mortality in this species. Furthermore, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of trichomonad-associated disease in a free-ranging sea duck.
在马萨诸塞州科德角地区的普通绒鸭（Somateria mollissima）爆发韦尔弗利特湾病毒（WFBV）期间，几只鸟被诊断出患有由多种毛滴虫物种引起的毛滴虫病。对六只鸟进行了检查，在四只鸟的盲肠中发现了毛滴虫，其中三只鸟伴有盲肠炎。利用针对核糖体DNA（rDNA）的ITS1区域的毛滴虫特异性引物进行PCR和DNA测序，结果显示五只鸟的胃肠道中存在鸡三毛滴虫（Tetratrichomonas gallinarum），两只鸟的肝脏中存在滴虫属（Trichomonas spp.），其中一只鸟同时感染了鸡三毛滴虫和鸽三毛滴虫（Trichomonas gallinae）。序列分析显示鸡三毛滴虫序列之间没有变异，而从其他滴虫属物种获得的ITS1序列显示存在多种基因型。一个序列与先前从库珀鹰（Accipiter cooperii）分离出的一种滴虫属物种具有100%的同一性，另一个序列与先前描述的从太平洋海岸斑尾鸽（Patagioenas fasciata monilis）分离出的鸽三毛滴虫分离株具有100%的同一性。这些发现表明鸡三毛滴虫和其他滴虫属物种可能导致了该物种的发病和死亡。此外，据作者所知，这是关于自由放养海鸭中毛滴虫相关疾病的首次报道。
