Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Nutrients. 2019 Sep 4;11(9):2090. doi: 10.3390/nu11092090.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are complex entities with heterogenous pathophysiologic mechanisms and increased oxidative stress has been viewed as one of the potential common etiologies. A fine balance between the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants is essential for the proper normal functioning of the cell. A basal concentration of ROS is indispensable for the manifestation of cellular functions, whereas excessive levels of ROS cause damage to cellular macromolecules such as DNA, lipids and proteins, eventually leading to necrosis and apoptotic cell death. CVD is the main cause of death worldwide with several conditions being affected by oxidative stress. Increased ROS lead to decreased nitric oxide availability and vasoconstriction, promoting arterial hypertension. ROS also negatively influence myocardial calcium handling, causing arrhythmia, and augment cardiac remodeling by inducing hypertrophic signaling and apoptosis. Finally, ROS have also been shown to promote atherosclerotic plaque formation. This review aims at giving an introduction into oxidative stress in CVD, with special focus on endothelial dysfunction, and then examining in detail the role of oxidative stress in the most prevalent of these diseases. Finally, potential nutraceuticals and diets that might be beneficial in diminishing the burden of oxidative stress in CVD are presented.
心血管疾病（CVD）是一种复杂的疾病，具有异质的病理生理机制，氧化应激增加被认为是潜在的共同病因之一。活性氧（ROS）和抗氧化剂之间的平衡对于细胞的正常功能至关重要。ROS 的基础浓度对于细胞功能的表现是必不可少的，而过量的 ROS 会导致细胞大分子如 DNA、脂质和蛋白质的损伤，最终导致坏死和凋亡性细胞死亡。CVD 是全球主要的死亡原因，有几种疾病受到氧化应激的影响。ROS 的增加导致一氧化氮的可用性降低和血管收缩，促进动脉高血压。ROS 还通过诱导肥厚信号和凋亡对心肌钙处理产生负面影响，导致心律失常，并增强心脏重构。最后，ROS 也被证明可促进动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成。本综述旨在介绍 CVD 中的氧化应激，特别关注内皮功能障碍，然后详细研究氧化应激在这些最常见疾病中的作用。最后，提出了一些可能有益于减轻 CVD 中氧化应激负担的营养保健品和饮食。
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