Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020 Jun;32(6):1049-1056. doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01303-6. Epub 2019 Sep 5.
Dizziness is common among older people and falling is a feared complication.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of dizziness and its association with falls, walking speed and fear of falling, including sex differences, among 79-year-olds. Secondary purposes were to describe the relationship between dizziness and falls to number of medications and diseases.
The study consisted of the fifth cohort of Gothenburg's H70 birth cohort studies. A sample of 662 79-year-olds (404 women, 258 men) were investigated with questions regarding dizziness, previous falls and falls efficacy [estimated according to the falls efficacy scale Swedish version (FES (S))]. Functional tests included self-selected and maximal walking speed over 20 m.
Dizziness was reported among 51% of the women and by 58% of the men (p = 0.12). Approximately, 40% had fallen during the past 12 months (41% women, 38% of the men, p = 0.48). Dizziness was related to a higher risk of falls among women (OR 2.63 (95% CI 1.67-4.14, p < 0.0001), but not among men (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.63-1.82, p = 0.8). Dizzy individuals had lower scores on FES (S) (p < 0.01), more medications (p < 0.001) and diseases (p < 0.001) than those without dizziness. Participants who reported dizziness walked 10% slower than participants without dizziness (p < 0.001).
Women with dizziness more often reported falls compared to women without dizziness-a trend that was not seen among men. Persons with dizziness walked slower. Many medications increased risk of falling; hence, number of medications alone might help pinpoint risk groups for falling.
头晕在老年人中很常见，跌倒则是一种令人担忧的并发症。
本研究旨在调查 79 岁老年人头晕的发生率及其与跌倒、行走速度和跌倒恐惧的关系，包括性别差异。次要目的是描述头晕与跌倒次数、服用药物和疾病之间的关系。
该研究包括哥德堡 H70 出生队列研究的第五队列。对 662 名 79 岁老年人（404 名女性，258 名男性）进行了问卷调查，内容包括头晕、既往跌倒和跌倒效能[根据跌倒效能量表瑞典版（FES（S））进行评估]。功能测试包括自我选择和最大速度行走 20 米。
女性报告头晕的比例为 51%，男性为 58%（p=0.12）。约 40%的老年人在过去 12 个月内跌倒过（女性占 41%，男性占 38%，p=0.48）。头晕与女性跌倒风险增加相关（OR 2.63，95% CI 1.67-4.14，p<0.0001），但与男性无关（OR 1.07，95% CI 0.63-1.82，p=0.8）。头晕者的 FES（S）评分较低（p<0.01），服用的药物较多（p<0.001），患有的疾病也较多（p<0.001）。与不头晕者相比，报告头晕者的行走速度慢 10%（p<0.001）。
与不头晕的女性相比，头晕的女性更常报告跌倒——这种趋势在男性中并未出现。头晕者的行走速度较慢。许多药物会增加跌倒的风险；因此，仅服用药物的数量可能有助于确定跌倒的高危人群。
