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新辅助放化疗后哪些患者应行侧方盆腔淋巴结清扫术?

Who Should Get Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation?

机构信息

Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.

Department of Colorectal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

出版信息

Dis Colon Rectum. 2019 Oct;62(10):1158-1166. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001465.

DOI:10.1097/DCR.0000000000001465
PMID:31490825
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Despite the use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer, lateral pelvic lymph node recurrence is still an important problem.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the indication for lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in post neoadjuvant chemoradiation rectal cancer.

DESIGN

This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected institutional database.

SETTINGS

This study was conducted at a tertiary care cancer center from January 2006 through December 2017.

PATIENTS

Patients who had rectal cancer with suspected lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis, who underwent total mesorectal excision with lateral pelvic lymph node dissection, were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

The primary outcome measured was pathologic lateral pelvic lymph node positivity.

INTERVENTIONS

The associations between lateral pelvic lymph node size on post-neoadjuvant chemoradiation imaging and pathologic lateral pelvic lymph node positivity and recurrence outcomes were evaluated.

RESULTS

A total of 64 patients were analyzed. The mean lateral pelvic lymph node size before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation was 12.6 ± 9.5 mm and 8.5 ± 5.4 mm. The minimum size of positive lateral pelvic lymph node was 5 mm on post neoadjuvant chemoradiation imaging. Among 13 (20.3%) patients who had a <5 mm lateral pelvic lymph node after neoadjuvant chemoradiation, none were pathologically positive. Among 51 (79.7%) patients who had a ≥5 mm lateral pelvic lymph node after neoadjuvant chemoradiation, 33 patients (64.7%) were pathologically positive. Five-year overall survival and disease-specific survival were higher in the histologic lateral pelvic lymph node negative group than in the lateral pelvic lymph node positive group (overall survival 79.6% vs 61.8%, p = 0.122; disease-specific survival 84.5% vs 66.2%, p= 0.088). After a median 39 months of follow-up, there were no patients in the <5 mm group who died of cancer. There were no lateral compartment recurrences in the entire cohort.

LIMITATIONS

Being a single-center retrospective study may limit generalizability.

CONCLUSIONS

Post-neoadjuvant chemoradiation lateral pelvic lymph node size ≥5 mm was strongly associated with pathologic positivity. No patients with size <5 mm had pathologically positive lymph nodes. Following lateral pelvic lymph node dissection, no patients with a positive lateral pelvic lymph node developed lateral compartment recurrence. Therefore, patients who have rectal cancer with clinical evidence of lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis and post-neoadjuvant chemoradiation lateral pelvic lymph node size ≥5 mm should be considered for lateral pelvic lymph node dissection at the time of total mesorectal excision. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B3. ¿QUIéN DEBE RECIBIR LINFADENECTOMíA PéLVICA LATERAL DESPUéS DE LA QUIMIORRADIACIóN NEOADYUVANTE?: A pesar del uso de quimiorradiación neoadyuvante y la escisión total de mesorectao para el cáncer de recto, la recurrencia en los ganglios linfáticos pélvicos laterales sigue siendo un problema importante.

OBJETIVO

Determinar la indicación para la disección de los ganglios linfáticos pélvicos laterales en el cáncer rectal post quimiorradiación neoadyuvante. DISEÑO:: Análisis retrospectivo de la base de datos institucional prospectivamente recopilada.

ESCENARIO

Centro de cáncer de atención terciaria, de enero de 2006 hasta diciembre de 2017.

PACIENTES

Pacientes con cáncer de recto con sospecha de metástasis en los ganglios linfáticos pélvicos laterales, que se sometieron a escisión total mesorectal con disección de los ganglios linfáticos pélvicos laterales.

PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADOS

Positividad de ganglios linfáticos pélvicos laterales en histopatología.

INTERVENCIONES

Se evaluaron las asociaciones entre el tamaño de los ganglios linfáticos pélvicos laterales en imagenología postquimiorradiación neoadyuvante y la positividad y recurrencia en los ganglios linfáticos pélvicos laterales en histopatología.

RESULTADOS

Se analizaron un total de 64 pacientes. La media del tamaño de los ganglios linfáticos pélvicos laterales antes y después de la quimiorradiación neoadyuvante fue de 12.6 ± 9.5 mm y 8.5 ± 5.4 mm, respectivamente. El tamaño mínimo de los ganglios linfáticos pélvicos laterales positivos fue de 5 mm en las imágenes postquimiorradiación neoadyuvante. Entre 13 (20.3%) pacientes que tenían <5 mm de ganglio linfático lateral pélvico después de la quimiorradiación neoadyuvante; ninguno fue positivo en histopatología. Entre 51 (79.7%) pacientes con ganglio linfático pélvico lateral ≥ 5 mm después de la quimiorradiación neoadyuvante; 33 pacientes (64.7%) fueron positivos en histopatología. La supervivencia general a 5 años y la supervivencia específica de la enfermedad fueron mayores en el grupo histológico de ganglio linfático pélvico lateral negativo que en el grupo de ganglio linfático pélvico lateral positivo (Supervivencia general 79.6% vs 61.8%, p = 0.122; Supervivencia específica de la enfermedad 84.5% vs 66.2%, p = 0.088). Después de una mediana de seguimiento de 39 meses, no hubo pacientes en el grupo de <5 mm que hayan fallecido por cáncer. No hubo recurrencias en el compartimento lateral en toda la cohorte.

LIMITACIONES

Al ser un estudio retrospectivo en un solo centro puede limitar la generalización.

CONCLUSIONES

El tamaño de los ganglios linfáticos pélvicos laterales postquimiorradiación neoadyuvante ≥ 5 mm se asoció fuertemente con la positividad histopatológica. Ningún paciente con tamaño <5 mm tuvo ganglios linfáticos histopatológicamente positivos. Después de la disección de los ganglios linfáticos pélvicos laterales, ningún paciente con ganglios linfáticos pélvicos laterales positivos desarrolló recurrencia del compartimiento lateral. Por lo tanto, los pacientes con cáncer rectal con evidencia clínica de metástasis en los ganglios linfáticos pélvicos laterales y tamaño de ganglios linfáticos pélvicos laterales postquimiorradiación neoadyuvante ≥ 5 mm deben considerarse para disección de los ganglios linfáticos pélvicos laterales en el momento de la escisión total de mesorrecto. Vea el Abstract en video en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B3.

摘要

背景

尽管在直肠癌中采用了新辅助放化疗和全直肠系膜切除术,但侧方骨盆淋巴结复发仍然是一个重要问题。

目的

确定新辅助放化疗后直肠侧方淋巴结转移的侧方骨盆淋巴结清扫术适应证。

设计

这是对前瞻性收集的机构数据库进行的回顾性分析。

设置

本研究在 2006 年 1 月至 2017 年 12 月期间的三级癌症中心进行。

患者

患有疑似侧方骨盆淋巴结转移的直肠癌患者,接受了全直肠系膜切除术和侧方骨盆淋巴结清扫术。

主要观察指标

主要观察指标为侧方骨盆淋巴结阳性的病理结果。

干预措施

评估新辅助放化疗后侧方骨盆淋巴结大小与侧方骨盆淋巴结阳性和复发结果之间的关系。

结果

共分析了 64 例患者。新辅助放化疗前后侧方骨盆淋巴结的平均大小分别为 12.6 ± 9.5mm 和 8.5 ± 5.4mm。新辅助放化疗后侧方骨盆淋巴结阳性的最小尺寸为 5mm。在新辅助放化疗后<5mm 的 13 例患者(20.3%)中,无一例病理阳性。在新辅助放化疗后≥5mm 的 51 例患者(79.7%)中,33 例(64.7%)患者病理阳性。5 年总生存率和疾病特异性生存率在侧方淋巴结阴性组均高于侧方淋巴结阳性组(总生存率 79.6%比 61.8%,p=0.122;疾病特异性生存率 84.5%比 66.2%,p=0.088)。在中位随访 39 个月后,<5mm 组无患者死于癌症。整个队列中均无侧方间隙复发。

局限性

作为一项单中心回顾性研究,可能会限制其普遍性。

结论

新辅助放化疗后侧方骨盆淋巴结大小≥5mm 与病理阳性密切相关。<5mm 的患者无一例有病理阳性淋巴结。在进行侧方骨盆淋巴结清扫术后,无阳性侧方骨盆淋巴结患者发生侧方间隙复发。因此,对于有侧方骨盆淋巴结转移的临床证据且新辅助放化疗后侧方骨盆淋巴结大小≥5mm 的直肠癌患者,应考虑在全直肠系膜切除时进行侧方骨盆淋巴结清扫术。

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