Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning,Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China.
Biomed Mater. 2019 Oct 8;14(6):065013. doi: 10.1088/1748-605X/ab4238.
The treatment of large-area bone defects is a huge challenge and the current research hot spot is to prepare composite materials to promote the new bone formation. In this study, the rat skull defect was repaired by implanting pure wollastonite and hydroxyapatite composites, which proved that it has a good effect on the treatment of bone defects. 60 SD rats were used as research objects. The animals were randomly divided into wollastonite group, wollastonite-hydroxyapatite composite group and hydroxyapatite group. The three groups of bone scaffolds were filled into the rats' skull defects. At 6 and 12 weeks after surgery, we conducted Micro-CT analysis, HE staining, Masson trichrome staining, Alizarin red staining and Microfil analysis, to assess the therapeutic and regeneration effects of three groups. At 6 weeks after implantation, the morphology results showed that little newly formed bone was observed in wollastonite group, on the contrary, more new bone in the surgical defects formed in the wollastonite-hydroxyapatite composite group and hydroxyapatite group. At 12 weeks after surgery, histology analyses revealed that the regenerated bone became more mature in each groups. The morphology showed that the maturity of new bone was improved and the scaffold material was partially absorbed in wollastonite-hydroxyapatite composite group. CT scan observation showed that on the coronal plane, the defect repair area of wollastonite-hydroxyapatite composite group was integrated with the surrounding normal bone tissue, and the sacffold material was tightly integrated with the defect edge. The results of Microfil showed that compared with wollastonite group and hydroxyapatite group, wollastonite-hydroxyapatite composite group formed more blood vessels after 12 weeks of surgery. The wollastonite-hydroxyapatite composite biomaterial can promote the formation and growth of new bone in the defect area, and it is considered safe.
大面积骨缺损的治疗是一个巨大的挑战，目前的研究热点是制备复合材料以促进新骨形成。本研究通过植入纯硅灰石和羟基磷灰石复合材料修复大鼠颅骨缺损，证明其对骨缺损的治疗具有良好的效果。采用 60 只 SD 大鼠作为研究对象，将动物随机分为硅灰石组、硅灰石-羟基磷灰石复合材料组和羟基磷灰石组，三组骨支架分别填充大鼠颅骨缺损。术后 6、12 周进行 Micro-CT 分析、HE 染色、Masson 三色染色、茜素红染色和 Microfil 分析，评估三组的治疗和再生效果。植入后 6 周，形态学结果显示硅灰石组观察到的新生骨较少，相反，硅灰石-羟基磷灰石复合材料组和羟基磷灰石组的手术缺损中形成了更多的新骨。术后 12 周组织学分析表明，各组再生骨变得更加成熟。形态学显示新骨的成熟度提高，硅灰石-羟基磷灰石复合材料组中的支架材料部分被吸收。CT 扫描观察显示，在冠状面上，硅灰石-羟基磷灰石复合材料组的缺损修复区域与周围正常骨组织整合，支架材料与缺损边缘紧密结合。Microfil 结果表明，与硅灰石组和羟基磷灰石组相比，硅灰石-羟基磷灰石复合材料组在术后 12 周形成了更多的血管。硅灰石-羟基磷灰石复合材料生物材料能促进缺损区新骨的形成和生长，且安全性良好。
