Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Study of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
Unit of Bone and Mineral Diseases, University Hospital of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50139 Florence, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Sep 5;20(18):4353. doi: 10.3390/ijms20184353.
miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs of about 18-25 nucleotides that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. It was reported that a deregulation of their expression patterns correlates to the onset and progression of various diseases. Recently, these molecules have been identified in a great plethora of biological fluids, and have also been proposed as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Actually, real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction is the most widely used approach for circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) expression profiling. Nevertheless, the debate on the choice of the most suitable endogenous reference genes for c-miRNAs expression levels normalization is still open. In this regard, numerous research groups are focusing their efforts upon identifying specific, highly stable, endogenous c-mRNAs. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the reference genes currently used in the study of various pathologies, offering to researchers the opportunity to select the appropriate molecules for c-miRNA levels normalization, when their choosing is based upon literature data.
miRNAs 是约 18-25 个核苷酸的小非编码 RNA，可在转录后水平负调控基因表达。据报道，它们的表达模式失调与各种疾病的发生和进展有关。最近，这些分子在大量生物体液中被鉴定出来，并被提议作为潜在的诊断和预后生物标志物。实际上，实时定量聚合酶链反应是最广泛用于循环 miRNAs(c-miRNAs)表达谱分析的方法。然而，关于选择最适合 c-miRNAs 表达水平标准化的内源性参考基因的争论仍在继续。在这方面，许多研究小组正在努力寻找特定的、高度稳定的内源性 c-mRNAs。本文综述的目的是概述目前在各种病理研究中使用的参考基因，为研究人员提供选择合适的内源性 c-miRNA 水平标准化分子的机会，当他们根据文献数据进行选择时。
