循环微RNA在哈萨克斯坦人群中对糖尿病视网膜病变的诊断潜力有限。

Circulating microRNAs demonstrate limited diagnostic potential for diabetic retinopathy in the population of Kazakhstan.

作者信息

Magazova Aizhan, Ashirbekov Yeldar, Abaildayev Arman, Satken Kantemir, Utegenova Gulzhakhan, Belkozhayev Ayaz, Balmukhanova Altynay, Dzhumatayeva Zaure, Beissova Ainagul, Shargorodska Iryna, Balmukhanova Aigul, Sharipov Kamalidin

机构信息

Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Almaty Multidisciplinary Clinical Hospital, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

出版信息

PeerJ. 2025 Apr 11;13:e19259. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19259. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.7717/peerj.19259

PMID:40231069

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11995893/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes, leading to blindness. The asymptomatic onset and the existing difficulties in diagnosing warrant the search for biomarkers that can facilitate the early diagnosis of DR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of plasma microRNAs (miRNAs), which have previously been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of DR and differentially expressed in plasma/serum of patients, as biomarkers for DR in the Kazakhstani population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Using quantitative RT-PCR, we compared the levels of ten candidate miRNAs in plasma among three groups: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with DR (DR patients, = 100), T2DM patients without DR (noDR patients, = 98), and healthy controls ( = 30).

RESULTS

Level of miR-423-3p was significantly reduced in DR patients compared to noDR patients ( = 5.4 × 10). Levels of miR-423-3p and miR-221-3p were significantly reduced in DR patients compared to controls ( = 5.4 × 10 and 0.024, respectively ), level of miR-23a-3p was significantly reduced in noDR patients compared to controls ( = 0.047), levels of miR-221-3p and miR-23a-3p were significantly reduced in T2DM patients (combined group) compared to controls ( = 0.047, and 0.049, respectively). Also, there were several significant differences between groups formed based on clinical-pathological characteristics, but none of these results remained significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Correlation analysis revealed weak associations between the levels of miR-423 and miR-221-3p and DR staging ( = 1.3 × 10 and 0.026, respectively), and fair associations between the levels of miR-29b-3p and miR-328-3p and diabetes duration in noDR patients ( = 8.8 × 10 and 0.016, respectively). According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, only miR-23a-3p can be considered a potential biomarker with moderate informativeness for diagnosing proliferative DR (PDR); however, a larger sample size is needed to verify this finding. Furthermore, the small magnitude of observed changes in miRNA levels between groups significantly complicates classification.

CONCLUSIONS

Due to the low specificity and small magnitude of deviations from the norm, the studied miRNAs have low potential in the diagnosis of DR.

摘要

背景

糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是糖尿病最常见的并发症，可导致失明。其无症状起病以及现有诊断困难促使人们寻找有助于DR早期诊断的生物标志物。本研究旨在评估血浆微小RNA（miRNA）作为哈萨克斯坦人群DR生物标志物的潜力，此前研究已表明这些miRNA参与DR发病机制且在患者血浆/血清中差异表达。

材料与方法

我们采用定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）比较了三组人群血浆中十种候选miRNA的水平：患有DR的2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者（DR患者，n = 100）、无DR的T2DM患者（无DR患者，n = 98）和健康对照者（n = 30）。

结果

与无DR患者相比，DR患者中miR-423-3p水平显著降低（P = 5.4×10⁻⁵）。与对照者相比，DR患者中miR-423-3p和miR-221-3p水平显著降低（分别为P = 5.4×10⁻⁵和0.024），与对照者相比，无DR患者中miR-23a-3p水平显著降低（P = 0.047），与对照者相比，T2DM患者（合并组）中miR-221-3p和miR-23a-3p水平显著降低（分别为P = 0.047和0.049）。此外，基于临床病理特征分组之间存在一些显著差异，但在进行多重比较校正后，这些结果均不再显著。相关性分析显示，miR-423和miR-221-3p水平与DR分期之间存在弱关联（分别为P = 1.3×10⁻⁴和0.026），在无DR患者中，miR-29b-3p和miR-328-3p水平与糖尿病病程之间存在中等关联（分别为P = 8.8×10⁻³和0.016）。根据受试者工作特征（ROC）分析，只有miR-23a-3p可被视为诊断增殖性DR（PDR）具有中等信息量的潜在生物标志物；然而，需要更大样本量来验证这一发现。此外，各组间miRNA水平观察到的变化幅度较小，这显著增加了分类的复杂性。