George David, Port Gordon, Collier Rosemary
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK.
Insects. 2019 Sep 5;10(9):286. doi: 10.3390/insects10090286.
The use of trap crops to manage pest insects offers an attractive alternative to synthetic pesticides. Trap crops may work particularly well at smaller production scales, being highly amenable where crop diversification and reduction of synthetic inputs are prioritised over yield alone. This paper describes a series of experiments. The first was to demonstrate the potential of turnip rape ( L., var. Pasja) as a trap crop to arrest flea beetles ( spp.) to protect a main crop of cauliflower ( L., var. Lateman). The subsequent experiments explored two possible approaches to improve the function of the trap crop-either by separating trap and main crop plants spatially, or by introducing companion plants of tomato ( Mill., cv Amateur) into the main crop. In caged field experiments, feeding damage by flea beetles to crop border plantings of turnip rape far exceeded damage to cauliflower plants placed in the same position, indicating a "trap crop effect". Neither turnip rape plants nor cauliflower as a border significantly reduced flea beetle damage to main crop cauliflower plants, although the numbers of feeding holes in these plants were lowest where a turnip rape border was used. In similar cages, leaving gaps of 3-6 m of bare soil between turnip rape and cauliflower plants significantly reduced feeding damage to the latter, as compared to when plants were adjacent. The results of a small-scale open field trial showed that a turnip rape trap crop alone reduced flea beetle damage to cauliflower, significantly so later in the season at higher pest pressures, but that addition of tomato companion plants did not improve pest control potential.
利用诱集作物防治害虫为合成农药提供了一种有吸引力的替代方法。诱集作物在较小的生产规模下可能效果特别好，在优先考虑作物多样化和减少合成投入而非单纯产量的情况下，非常适用。本文描述了一系列实验。第一个实验是证明芜菁油菜（L.，变种Pasja）作为诱集作物捕获跳甲（spp.）以保护主要作物花椰菜（L.，变种Lateman）的潜力。随后的实验探索了两种可能改善诱集作物功能的方法——要么在空间上分隔诱集作物和主要作物植株，要么在主要作物中引入番茄（Mill.，品种Amateur）伴生植物。在笼式田间实验中，跳甲对芜菁油菜作物边缘种植区的取食损害远远超过对处于相同位置的花椰菜植株的损害，表明存在“诱集作物效应”。尽管使用芜菁油菜边缘时这些植株上的取食孔数量最少，但芜菁油菜植株或作为边缘的花椰菜都没有显著降低跳甲对主要作物花椰菜植株的损害。在类似的笼子里，与植株相邻时相比，在芜菁油菜和花椰菜植株之间留出3 - 6米的裸土间隙显著降低了对后者的取食损害。一项小规模的露天田间试验结果表明，单独使用芜菁油菜诱集作物可降低跳甲对花椰菜的损害，在害虫压力较高的季节后期效果显著，但添加番茄伴生植物并没有提高害虫防治潜力。
