Clinimetric Group F-14 Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2019 Sep 6;7(9):e13640. doi: 10.2196/13640.
The shoulder is one of the joints with the greatest mobility within the human body and its evaluation is complex. An assessment can be conducted using questionnaires or functional tests, and goniometry can complement the information obtained in this assessment. However, there are now validated devices that can provide more information on the realization of movement, such as inertial sensors. The cost of these devices is usually high and they are not available to all clinicians, but there are also inertial sensors that are implemented in mobile phones which are cheaper and widely available. Results from the inertial sensors integrated into mobile devices can have the same reliability as those from dedicated sensors.
This study aimed to validate the use of the Nexus 4 smartphone as a measuring tool for the mobility of the humerus during shoulder movement compared with a dedicated InertiaCube3 (Intersense) sensor.
A total of 43 subjects, 27 affected by shoulder pathologies and 16 asymptomatic, participated in the study. Shoulder flexion, abduction, and scaption were measured using an InertiaCube3 and a Nexus 4 smartphone, which were attached to the participants to record the results simultaneously. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated based on the 3 movements performed.
The smartphone reliably recorded the velocity values and simultaneously recorded them alongside the inertial sensor. The ICCs of the 3 gestures and for each of the axes of movement were analyzed with a 95% CI. In the abduction movement, the devices demonstrated excellent interclass reliability for the abduction humeral movement axis (Cronbach alpha=.98). The axis of abduction of the humeral showed excellent reliability for the movements of flexion (Cronbach alpha=.93) and scaption (Cronbach alpha=.98).
Compared with the InertiaCube3, the Nexus 4 smartphone is a reliable and valid tool for recording the velocity produced in the shoulder.
肩部是人体活动度最大的关节之一，其评估较为复杂。评估可以通过问卷或功能测试进行，而测角计可以补充评估中获得的信息。然而，现在有经过验证的设备可以提供更多关于运动实现的信息，例如惯性传感器。这些设备的成本通常较高，并非所有临床医生都能使用，但也有一些集成在手机中的惯性传感器价格更便宜，且更普及。集成在移动设备中的惯性传感器的结果与专用传感器的结果具有相同的可靠性。
本研究旨在验证 Nexus 4 智能手机在测量肩部运动时肱骨活动度方面的可用性，与专用的 InertiaCube3（Intersense）传感器相比。
共有 43 名受试者参与了这项研究，其中 27 名患有肩部疾病，16 名无症状。使用 InertiaCube3 和 Nexus 4 智能手机测量肩部的前屈、外展和外旋，同时将传感器贴在参与者身上以同步记录结果。基于 3 种运动计算了组内相关系数（ICC）。
智能手机可以可靠地记录速度值，并与惯性传感器同时记录。分析了 3 种运动和每个运动轴的 ICC，置信区间为 95%。在外展运动中，该设备对于肱骨外展运动轴的组内相关性具有极佳的可靠性（Cronbach alpha=.98）。肱骨外展轴在屈肌运动（Cronbach alpha=.93）和外旋运动（Cronbach alpha=.98）中也具有极佳的可靠性。
与 InertiaCube3 相比，Nexus 4 智能手机是一种可靠且有效的记录肩部产生速度的工具。
