Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905.
C-3321 MCN, Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21(st) Avenue S, Nashville, TN 37232.
Hum Pathol. 2020 Jan;95:78-98. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.08.023. Epub 2019 Sep 4.
Liver disease has been recognized in various forms for centuries. Incredible advances, however, have been made especially in the last 50 years, driven by improvements in histology, the development of immunostains, the development of high resolution imaging methods, improved biopsy and resection methods, and the emergence of the molecular era. With these tools, pathologists and their clinical and basic science colleagues moved from classifying liver disease using an observational, pattern-based approach to a refined classification of disease, one based on etiology for medical disease and tumor classification for neoplastic disease. Examples of liver specific diseases are used to illustrate these exciting advances. These impressive advances of the past provide the foundation for hope in the future, as liver pathology continues to play an important role in improving patient care through disease identification and classification and emerging roles in guiding therapy for cures.
肝脏疾病在几个世纪以来已以各种形式被认识。然而，特别是在过去的 50 年里，由于组织学的改进、免疫染色的发展、高分辨率成像方法的发展、改进的活检和切除方法以及分子时代的出现，取得了令人难以置信的进展。有了这些工具，病理学家及其临床和基础科学同事们从使用基于观察和模式的方法来对肝脏疾病进行分类，发展到了对疾病进行更精细的分类，这种分类基于病因学的医学疾病分类和肿瘤分类。肝脏特异性疾病的例子被用来阐明这些令人兴奋的进展。过去的这些令人印象深刻的进展为未来带来了希望，因为肝脏病理学通过疾病识别和分类以及在指导治疗以实现治愈方面的新兴作用，继续在改善患者治疗方面发挥着重要作用。
