Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jan 1;698:134137. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134137. Epub 2019 Aug 29.
This study conducted on-site measurements of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 251 occupied residences in China, with multiple visits throughout a whole year. Over 1000 samples were collected for measurement of VOCs in 8 cities, covering different climate regions. Overall, the concentrations of total VOCs (TVOCs) in occupied residences are in the range of 104-1151 μg/m, with 20% of the samples over the Chinese standard of 600 μg/m. A higher concentration was evident in the summer (mean = 705 μg/m) compared to other seasons, especially winter (mean = 289 μg/m). The TVOCs of residences in areas with central heating (severe cold regions and cold regions) are generally higher than those in areas without central heating. In winter, temperature was the dominant factor, whereas in summer, the building infiltration rate was the key factor influencing the indoor TVOC levels. The TVOCs concentration was also found to be directly proportional to the city economy level. Twenty-nine VOC species with a detection frequency higher than 40% were identified in all samples. Toluene is the most common VOC, with the highest detection rate (90%). The median concentration for a single VOC was between 1 and 14 μg/m. Aldehydes were found to be the largest contributors to total VOCs in the Chinese residential buildings (mass proportion 22%), followed by benzene series (20%), alkenes (18%), and alkanes (15%). Aldehydes, especially long-chain saturated carbonyls, are likely to be the characteristic VOCs in the Chinese dwellings, with Chinese cooking as the major emission source. In addition, n-butane/i-butane showed maximum concentration in some residences (approximately 10 μg/m higher than other VOCs) owing to cooking fuel.
本研究在中国 251 个已入住住宅中进行了现场测量，全年多次访问。在 8 个城市共采集了超过 1000 个样本，用于测量挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）。总体而言，已入住住宅中总挥发性有机物（TVOCs）的浓度范围在 104-1151μg/m³之间，20%的样本超过中国 600μg/m³的标准。夏季（均值=705μg/m³）的浓度明显高于其他季节，尤其是冬季（均值=289μg/m³）。有集中供暖的地区（严寒和寒冷地区）的住宅中 TVOC 含量一般高于没有集中供暖的地区。在冬季，温度是主要因素，而在夏季，建筑渗透率是影响室内 TVOC 水平的关键因素。TVOC 浓度也与城市经济水平成正比。在所研究的所有样本中，检测频率高于 40%的 29 种 VOC 被鉴定出来。甲苯是最常见的 VOC，其检出率最高（90%）。单一 VOC 的浓度中位数在 1 到 14μg/m³之间。醛类是中国住宅建筑中总挥发性有机物的最大贡献者（质量比例 22%），其次是苯系物（20%）、烯烃（18%）和烷烃（15%）。醛类，特别是长链饱和羰基化合物，可能是中国住宅的特征 VOC，中国烹饪是主要的排放源。此外，由于烹饪燃料，正丁烷/异丁烷在一些住宅中的浓度达到最大值（比其他 VOC 高约 10μg/m³）。
