Du L, Batterman S, Godwin C, Rowe Z, Chin J-Y
Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.
School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Indoor Air. 2015 Dec;25(6):598-609. doi: 10.1111/ina.12178. Epub 2015 Jan 20.
Basements can influence indoor air quality by affecting air exchange rates (AERs) and by the presence of emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other pollutants. We characterized VOC levels, AERs, and interzonal flows between basements and occupied spaces in 74 residences in Detroit, Michigan. Flows were measured using a steady-state multitracer system, and 7-day VOC measurements were collected using passive samplers in both living areas and basements. A walk-through survey/inspection was conducted in each residence. AERs in residences and basements averaged 0.51 and 1.52/h, respectively, and had strong and opposite seasonal trends, for example, AERs were highest in residences during the summer, and highest in basements during the winter. Airflows from basements to occupied spaces also varied seasonally. VOC concentration distributions were right-skewed, for example, 90th percentile benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and limonene concentrations were 4.0, 19.1, 20.3, and 51.0 μg/m(3), respectively; maximum concentrations were 54, 888, 1117, and 134 μg/m(3). Identified VOC sources in basements included solvents, household cleaners, air fresheners, smoking, and gasoline-powered equipment. The number and type of potential VOC sources found in basements are significant and problematic, and may warrant advisories regarding the storage and use of potentially strong VOCs sources in basements.
Few IAQ studies have examined basements. A sizable volume of air can flow between the basement and living area, and AERs in these two zones can differ considerably. In many residences, the basement contains significant emission sources and contributes a large fraction of VOC concentrations found in the living area. Exposures can be lowered by removing VOC sources from the basement; other exposure management options, such as local ventilation or isolation, are unlikely to be practical.
地下室可通过影响空气交换率（AERs）以及存在挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和其他污染物的排放源来影响室内空气质量。我们对密歇根州底特律市74处住宅地下室与居住空间之间的VOC水平、AERs和区域间气流进行了表征。气流使用稳态多示踪剂系统进行测量，并且在生活区和地下室使用被动采样器收集了7天的VOC测量数据。对每处住宅进行了一次巡查/检查。住宅和地下室的AERs平均分别为0.51次/小时和1.52次/小时，并且具有强烈且相反的季节趋势，例如，住宅中的AERs在夏季最高，而地下室中的AERs在冬季最高。从地下室到居住空间的气流也随季节变化。VOC浓度分布呈右偏态，例如，苯、甲苯、萘和柠檬烯的第90百分位数浓度分别为4.0、19.1、20.3和51.0 μg/m³；最大浓度分别为54、888、1117和134 μg/m³。在地下室中识别出的VOC来源包括溶剂、家用清洁剂、空气清新剂、吸烟和汽油动力设备。在地下室中发现潜在VOC来源的数量和类型很可观且存在问题，可能需要针对地下室中潜在强效VOC来源的储存和使用发布相关建议。
很少有室内空气质量（IAQ）研究考察过地下室。地下室和居住区域之间会有大量空气流动，并且这两个区域的AERs可能有很大差异。在许多住宅中，地下室含有大量排放源，并且在生活区发现的VOC浓度中有很大一部分来自地下室。通过从地下室移除VOC源可以降低暴露风险；其他暴露管理选项，如局部通风或隔离，不太可能切实可行。
