Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Sports Med. 2019 Dec;49(12):1949-1956. doi: 10.1007/s40279-019-01180-z.
Increases in maximal oxygen uptake (VO) are strongly associated with improved cardiovascular health.
The aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether VO responses to endurance training (ET), the most effective intervention to improve VO, are influenced by sex.
We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE and Web of Science since their inceptions until February 2019 for articles assessing the VO response to a given sex-matched dose of ET in healthy age-matched men and women. Meta-analyses were performed to determine the mean difference between VO responses in men versus women. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were used to assess potential moderating factors.
After systematic review, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies implemented common modalities of ET in healthy untrained individuals, comprising a total of 175 men and women (90 ♂, 85 ♀). ET duration and intensity were sex-matched in all studies. After data pooling, ET induced substantially larger increases in absolute VO in men compared with women (mean difference = + 191 ml·min, 95% CI 99, 283; P < 0.001). A greater effect of ET on relative VO was also observed in men versus women (mean difference = + 1.95 ml·min·kg, 95% CI 0.76, 3.15; P = 0.001). No heterogeneity was detected among studies (I = 0%, P ≥ 0.59); the meta-analytical results were robust to potential moderating factors.
Pooled evidence demonstrates greater improvements in VO in healthy men compared with women in response to a given dose of ET, suggesting the presence of sexual dimorphism in the trainability of aerobic capacity.
最大摄氧量（VO）的增加与心血管健康的改善密切相关。
本研究旨在进行系统评价和荟萃分析，以确定耐力训练（ET）对 VO 的反应是否因性别而异，ET 是提高 VO 最有效的干预措施。
我们对 MEDLINE 和 Web of Science 进行了系统检索，检索时间从它们的创建开始到 2019 年 2 月，以评估在健康年龄匹配的男性和女性中，给予相同性别匹配剂量的 ET 对 VO 的反应的文章。进行荟萃分析以确定男性和女性 VO 反应之间的平均差异。使用亚组和荟萃回归分析来评估潜在的调节因素。
经过系统评价，有八项研究符合纳入标准。所有研究均在健康未经训练的个体中实施了常见的 ET 模式，共纳入 175 名男性和女性（90 名♂，85 名♀）。所有研究中 ET 的持续时间和强度均与性别匹配。在数据汇总后，ET 引起的男性 VO 绝对值增加明显大于女性（平均差异=+191ml·min，95%置信区间 99，283；P<0.001）。与女性相比，ET 对相对 VO 的影响也更大（平均差异=+1.95ml·min·kg，95%置信区间 0.76，3.15；P=0.001）。研究之间没有异质性（I=0%，P≥0.59）；荟萃分析结果对潜在调节因素具有稳健性。
综合证据表明，在健康男性中，与女性相比，VO 在对特定剂量 ET 的反应中得到了更大的改善，这表明有氧能力的可训练性存在性别差异。
