Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
J Vet Intern Med. 2019 Sep;33(5):2175-2182. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15616. Epub 2019 Sep 8.
Presumed autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of dogs are common. In people, antibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens that are associated with a wide variety of neurological syndromes have been identified. The presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) autoantibodies that target neuronal cell surface proteins has not been reported in dogs with neurologic disorders.
Autoantibodies to neuronal cell surface antigens can be found in the CSF of dogs with inflammatory CNS disease. Our aim was to determine whether 6 neuronal cell surface autoantibodies were present in the CSF of dogs diagnosed with inflammatory and noninflammatory CNS disease.
Client-owned dogs with CNS disease and complete diagnostic evaluation including magnetic resonance imaging and CSF analysis were included. One healthy dog was included as a negative control.
Cerebrospinal fluid was tested for 6 antigenic targets with a commercially available indirect immunofluorescence assay test kit.
There were 32 dogs with neurological disease, 19 diagnosed with inflammatory disease (encephalitis and meningitis), 10 with noninflammatory disease (neoplasia, intervertebral disk disease, degenerative myelopathy, and epilepsy), 2 with no diagnosis, and 1 with neoplasia and meningoencephalitis. Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) antibodies were detected in 3 dogs (3/32; 9.38%). All 3 dogs responded to treatment of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology (MUE).
Further evaluation of the prevalence and clinical relevance of CSF and serum antibodies to neuronal cell surface antigens is warranted. Defining antigenic targets associated with encephalitis in dogs might allow diagnostic categorization of MUE antemortem.
犬中枢神经系统（CNS）的自身免疫性疾病较为常见。在人类中，针对与多种神经综合征相关的神经元细胞表面抗原的抗体已被鉴定。在患有神经障碍的犬中，尚未报道针对神经元细胞表面蛋白的脑脊液（CSF）自身抗体的存在。
可在患有炎症性 CNS 疾病的犬的 CSF 中发现针对神经元细胞表面抗原的自身抗体。我们的目的是确定在诊断为炎症性和非炎症性 CNS 疾病的犬的 CSF 中是否存在 6 种神经元细胞表面自身抗体。
包括患有 CNS 疾病且进行了完整诊断评估（包括磁共振成像和 CSF 分析）的患犬，以及 1 只健康犬作为阴性对照。
使用商业上可用的间接免疫荧光测定试剂盒对 CSF 进行了 6 种抗原靶标的检测。
共有 32 只患有神经疾病的犬，19 只被诊断为炎症性疾病（脑炎和脑膜炎），10 只患有非炎症性疾病（肿瘤、椎间盘疾病、退行性脊髓病和癫痫），2 只未诊断出疾病，1 只患有肿瘤和脑膜脑炎。3 只犬（3/32；9.38%）检测到抗 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体 1（NMDAR1）抗体。所有 3 只犬均对原因不明的脑膜脑炎（MUE）的治疗有反应。
进一步评估 CSF 和血清神经元细胞表面抗原自身抗体的流行率和临床相关性是必要的。确定与犬脑炎相关的抗原靶标可能允许在死后对 MUE 进行诊断分类。
