Naghavi K Zahra, Mortazavi Seyed B, Asilian M Hassan, Hajizadeh Ebrahim
Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Saf Health Work. 2019 Sep;10(3):305-313. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.06.007. Epub 2019 Jun 29.
The oil and gas industry is one of the riskiest industries for confined space injuries. This study aimed to understand an overall picture of the causal factors of confined space accidents through analyzing accident reports and the use of a qualitative approach.
Twenty-one fatal occupational accidents were analyzed according to the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System approach. Furthermore, thirty-three semistructured interviews were conducted with employees in different roles to capture their experiences regarding the contributory factors. The content analyses of the interview transcripts were conducted using MAXQDA software.
Based on accident reports, the largest proportions of causal factors (77%) were attributed to the organizational and supervisory levels, with the predominant influence of the organizational process. We identified 25 contributory factors in confined space accidents that were causal factors outside of the original Human Factors Analysis and Classification System framework. Therefore, modifications were made to deal with factors outside the organization and newly explored causal factors at the organizational level. External Influences as the fifth level considered contributory factors beyond the organization including Laws, Regulations and Standards, Government Policies, Political Influences, and Economic Status categories. Moreover, Contracting/Contract Management and Emergency Management were two extra categories identified at the organizational level.
Preventing confined space accidents requires addressing issues from the organizational to operator level and external influences beyond the organization. The recommended modifications provide a basis for accident investigation and risk analysis, which may be applicable across a broad range of industries and accident types.
石油和天然气行业是受限空间伤害风险最高的行业之一。本研究旨在通过分析事故报告并采用定性方法，全面了解受限空间事故的因果因素。
根据人因分析与分类系统方法，对21起致命职业事故进行了分析。此外，还对不同岗位的员工进行了33次半结构化访谈，以了解他们对促成因素的经历。使用MAXQDA软件对访谈记录进行了内容分析。
根据事故报告，最大比例的因果因素（77%）归因于组织和监督层面，其中组织流程的影响最为显著。我们在受限空间事故中确定了25个促成因素，这些因素是原始人因分析与分类系统框架之外的因果因素。因此，进行了修改以处理组织外部的因素以及在组织层面新探索的因果因素。作为第五个层面的外部影响考虑了组织之外的促成因素，包括法律法规和标准、政府政策、政治影响和经济状况类别。此外，承包/合同管理和应急管理是在组织层面确定的两个额外类别。
预防受限空间事故需要解决从组织到操作人员层面的问题以及组织之外的外部影响。建议的修改为事故调查和风险分析提供了基础，可能适用于广泛的行业和事故类型。
