Chen Xiaoqian, Jiang Xiumin, Huang Xinxin, He Honggu, Zheng Jing
School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Shangjie Zhen, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Iran J Public Health. 2019 Jul;48(7):1248-1256.
Gestational diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent metabolic complications of pregnancy. Previous studies have reported that using either probiotic yogurt or a probiotic supplement reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes. However, the results were inconsistent. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and probiotic yogurt intake during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy in Chinese women.
This was a case-control study involving 123 cases with gestational diabetes mellitus and 126 controls matched for age and pre-pregnancy body mass index. Each participant was interviewed face-to-face using a structured questionnaire to collect socio-demographic characteristics, diet and exercise habits, as well as probiotic yogurt consumption (containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium) during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. An unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the data.
Mothers in both groups had similar socio-demographic backgrounds. Probiotic yogurt intake during pregnancy was significantly higher in normal pregnant women than that in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio: 0.292, 95% confidence interval: 0.148 - 0.577, < 0.05). There were no significant differences in probiotic yogurt consumption before pregnancy between cases and controls.
Probiotic yogurt intake before pregnancy was not associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, but probiotic yogurt consumption during pregnancy was effective in reducing the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women. The findings from the present study may have implications for the future care of pregnant Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
妊娠期糖尿病是妊娠期间最常见的代谢并发症之一。先前的研究报告称，食用益生菌酸奶或补充益生菌可降低妊娠期糖尿病的发病率。然而，结果并不一致。因此，本研究的目的是调查中国女性在孕期和孕前食用益生菌酸奶与妊娠期糖尿病之间的关联。
这是一项病例对照研究，纳入了123例妊娠期糖尿病患者和126例年龄及孕前体重指数匹配的对照。通过结构化问卷对每位参与者进行面对面访谈，收集社会人口学特征、饮食和运动习惯，以及孕期和孕前益生菌酸奶的摄入量（含嗜酸乳杆菌和双歧杆菌）。采用无条件逻辑回归分析进行数据分析。
两组母亲的社会人口学背景相似。正常孕妇孕期益生菌酸奶摄入量显著高于妊娠期糖尿病女性（调整比值比：0.292，95%置信区间：0.148 - 0.577，P<0.05）。病例组和对照组孕前益生菌酸奶摄入量无显著差异。
孕前摄入益生菌酸奶与妊娠期糖尿病无关，但孕期食用益生菌酸奶可有效降低中国女性患妊娠期糖尿病的风险。本研究结果可能对未来中国妊娠期糖尿病孕妇的护理具有启示意义。
