De Meyer S, Vanmeert F, Vertongen R, Van Loon A, Gonzalez V, Delaney J, Dooley K, Dik J, Van der Snickt G, Vandivere A, Janssens K
AXES, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
Conservation and Science Department, Ateliergebouw Rijksmuseum, Museumstraat 1, 1071 XX Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Sci Adv. 2019 Aug 30;5(8):eaax1975. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1975. eCollection 2019 Aug.
Until the 19th century, lead white was the most important white pigment used in oil paintings. Lead white is typically composed of two crystalline lead carbonates: hydrocerussite [2PbCO·Pb(OH)] and cerussite (PbCO). Depending on the ratio between hydrocerussite and cerussite, lead white can be classified into different subtypes, each with different optical properties. Current methods to investigate and differentiate between lead white subtypes involve invasive sampling on a microscopic scale, introducing problems of paint damage and representativeness. In this study, a 17th century painting (by Johannes Vermeer, c. 1665, collection of the Mauritshuis, NL) was analyzed with a recently developed mobile and noninvasive macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) scanner within the project . Four different subtypes of lead white were identified using XRPD imaging at the macroscopic and microscopic scale, implying that Vermeer was highly discriminatory in his use of lead white.
直到19世纪，铅白一直是油画中使用的最重要的白色颜料。铅白通常由两种结晶碳酸铅组成：白铅矿[2PbCO·Pb(OH)]和碳酸铅矿(PbCO)。根据白铅矿和碳酸铅矿之间的比例，铅白可分为不同的亚型，每种亚型具有不同的光学特性。目前研究和区分铅白亚型的方法涉及微观尺度的侵入性采样，这会带来颜料损坏和代表性方面的问题。在本研究中，在该项目中使用最近开发的移动和非侵入性宏观X射线粉末衍射(MA-XRPD)扫描仪对一幅17世纪的画作(约翰内斯·维米尔所作，约1665年，荷兰莫瑞泰斯皇家美术馆收藏)进行了分析。通过宏观和微观尺度的XRPD成像识别出了四种不同的铅白亚型，这意味着维米尔在使用铅白方面具有很高的辨别力。
