School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast.
Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St. Louis.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2019 Nov;33(7):626-636. doi: 10.1037/adb0000513. Epub 2019 Sep 9.
Exerting self-control depletes capacity for future self-control, which can promote greater alcohol use. However, certain populations may be more susceptible to these effects of depleted self-control capacity. For example, individuals with lower alcohol sensitivity (i.e., requiring more drinks to experience the effects of alcohol) are a high-risk group who are likely to engage in hazardous alcohol use and develop an alcohol use disorder. Those lower in alcohol sensitivity also exhibit heightened motivational reactivity in response to alcohol-related cues, which may be enhanced following exertion of self-control. However, whether drinkers lower in alcohol sensitivity are at higher risk for exhibiting greater motivations toward alcohol-related cues after exerting self-control is unclear. The current research examined the role of alcohol sensitivity in predicting approach motivation following exertion of self-control. It was expected drinkers exerting self-control would exhibit greater orientation toward rewarding cues, particularly after viewing alcohol-related cues. However, we predicted this pattern would be most prominent among drinkers lower in alcohol sensitivity. Experiment 1 supported these hypotheses, with lower alcohol sensitivity predicting greater approach motivation among drinkers required to exert self-control prior to viewing alcohol-related compared to neutral cues. Experiment 2 aimed to replicate these findings by assessing asymmetrical frontal cortical activation, an index of approach motivation. Drinkers with lower alcohol sensitivity exhibited greater relative left frontal cortical activation, consistent with approach motivation, while viewing alcohol-related cues following exertion of self-control. Results have implications for interventions aimed at identifying those at risk for greater alcohol motivations during states of mental exhaustion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
自我控制的消耗会耗尽未来自我控制的能力，这可能会促进更多的酒精使用。然而，某些人群可能更容易受到自我控制能力消耗的这些影响。例如，酒精敏感性较低的个体（即需要更多的饮料才能体验到酒精的作用）是一个高风险群体，他们很可能从事危险的酒精使用，并发展成酒精使用障碍。那些酒精敏感性较低的人对与酒精相关的线索也表现出更高的动机反应性，而在自我控制之后，这种反应性可能会增强。然而，酒精敏感性较低的饮酒者在自我控制后是否更有可能对与酒精相关的线索表现出更大的动机尚不清楚。当前的研究考察了酒精敏感性在预测自我控制后接近动机中的作用。研究人员预计，自我控制的人会表现出对奖励线索更大的取向，特别是在观看与酒精相关的线索之后。然而，我们预测这种模式在酒精敏感性较低的饮酒者中最为明显。实验 1 支持了这些假设，即与观看中性线索相比，需要自我控制才能观看与酒精相关的线索的饮酒者中，酒精敏感性越低，接近动机越大。实验 2 旨在通过评估不对称性额皮质激活来复制这些发现，这是一种接近动机的指标。在自我控制后观看与酒精相关的线索时，酒精敏感性较低的饮酒者表现出更大的相对左侧额皮质激活，与接近动机一致。这些结果对旨在确定在精神疲惫状态下对更大酒精动机的风险人群的干预措施具有重要意义。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
