Ding Tonghui, Yan Aihui, Liu Ke
Resident Doctor, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
Consultant, Professor and Chief Physician, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2019 Sep 2;80(9):525-529. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2019.80.9.525.
Noise-induced hearing loss is sensory deafness caused by long-term exposure of the auditory system to a noisy environment. Auditory fatigue is an early symptom of noise-induced hearing loss, and hearing can gradually recover after people leave a noisy environment. However, if people remain in a noisy environment for a prolonged period of time, their hearing will be permanently impaired. Societal changes mean that people are more likely to be exposed to noise. The hearing loss and tinnitus caused by noise seriously affect people's quality of life and lead to huge economic loss. The pathogenesis of noise-induced hearing loss is complex. Various theories try to explain this, such as the oxidative stress theory, but none perfectly explains the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss. There is no treatment which can completely reverse the damage. More research is required to explore the pathogenesis and to better guide clinical practice. Preventative strategies, such as educating the public about hearing health, should be adopted to reduce the harm of noise-induced hearing loss.
噪声性听力损失是由于听觉系统长期暴露于嘈杂环境中而引起的感觉神经性耳聋。听觉疲劳是噪声性听力损失的早期症状，人们离开嘈杂环境后听力可逐渐恢复。然而，如果人们长时间处于嘈杂环境中，其听力将受到永久性损害。社会变革意味着人们更有可能暴露于噪声中。噪声引起的听力损失和耳鸣严重影响人们的生活质量，并导致巨大的经济损失。噪声性听力损失的发病机制复杂。各种理论试图对此进行解释，如氧化应激理论，但没有一种理论能完美地解释噪声性听力损失的发生。目前尚无能够完全逆转损伤的治疗方法。需要更多的研究来探索发病机制，以更好地指导临床实践。应采取预防策略，如对公众进行听力健康知识教育，以减少噪声性听力损失的危害。
