National Centre of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Sports and Exercise Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
The Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
J Bone Miner Res. 2020 Jan;35(1):53-63. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3867. Epub 2019 Oct 29.
High-impact exercise can improve femoral neck bone mass but findings in postmenopausal women have been inconsistent and there may be concern at the effects of high-impact exercise on joint health. We investigated the effects of a high-impact exercise intervention on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and section modulus (Z) as well as imaging biomarkers of osteoarthritis (OA) in healthy postmenopausal women. Forty-two women aged 55 to 70 years who were at least 12 months postmenopausal were recruited. The 6-month intervention consisted of progressive, unilateral, high-impact exercise incorporating multidirectional hops on one randomly assigned exercise leg (EL) for comparison with the contralateral control leg (CL). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure BMD, BMC, and Z of the femoral neck. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee joint was used to analyze the biochemical composition of articular cartilage using T2 relaxometry and to analyze joint pathology associated with OA using semiquantitative analysis. Thirty-five participants (61.7 ± 4.3 years) completed the intervention with a mean adherence of 76.8% ± 22.5%. Femoral neck BMD, BMC, and Z all increased in the EL (+0.81%, +0.69%, and +3.18%, respectively) compared to decreases in the CL (-0.57%, -0.71%, and -0.75%: all interaction effects p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in mean T2 relaxation times (main effect of time p = 0.011) but this did not differ between the EL and CL, indicating no global effect. Semiquantitative analysis showed high prevalence of bone marrow lesions (BML) and cartilage defects, especially in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ), with no indication that the intervention caused pathology progression. In conclusion, a high-impact exercise intervention that requires little time, cost, or specialist equipment improved femoral neck BMD with no negative effects on knee OA imaging biomarkers. Unilateral high-impact exercise is a feasible intervention to reduce hip fracture risk in healthy postmenopausal women. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
高强度运动可以提高股骨颈骨量，但绝经后妇女的研究结果一直不一致，而且高强度运动对关节健康的影响可能令人担忧。我们研究了高强度运动干预对健康绝经后妇女的骨密度（BMD）、骨矿物质含量（BMC）和截面模数（Z）以及骨关节炎（OA）的影像学生物标志物的影响。招募了 42 名年龄在 55 至 70 岁之间、绝经至少 12 个月的女性。为期 6 个月的干预措施包括渐进性、单侧、高强度运动，包括在随机指定的运动腿（EL）上进行多方向跳跃，与对侧对照腿（CL）进行比较。双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）用于测量股骨颈的 BMD、BMC 和 Z。膝关节磁共振成像（MRI）用于使用 T2 弛豫度分析关节软骨的生化成分，并使用半定量分析分析与 OA 相关的关节病理。35 名参与者（61.7±4.3 岁）完成了干预，平均依从率为 76.8%±22.5%。与 CL 相比，股骨颈 BMD、BMC 和 Z 均增加（分别增加 0.81%、0.69%和 3.18%：所有交互效应 p<0.05）。平均 T2 弛豫时间有显著增加（时间主效应 p=0.011），但 EL 和 CL 之间没有差异，表明没有全局影响。半定量分析显示骨髓病变（BML）和软骨缺损的高患病率，尤其是髌股关节（PFJ），没有迹象表明干预导致了病理学的进展。总之，需要很少的时间、成本或专门设备的高强度运动干预改善了股骨颈 BMD，对膝关节 OA 影像学生物标志物没有负面影响。单侧高强度运动是一种可行的干预措施，可以降低健康绝经后妇女的髋部骨折风险。
