School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Dec;107:927-944. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.005. Epub 2019 Sep 6.
Theories of neurocognitive aging rely heavily on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test hypotheses regarding the brain basis of age-differences in cognition. This technique is based on the blood-oxygen level dependent signal (BOLD) that arises from the coordinated neural-vascular coupling that leads to increased blood flow following an increase in neural activity. Here we review the literature and current controversies regarding the mechanisms by which blood flow and neural activity are coupled, and how they change in the aging process. This literature suggests that neural-vascular coupling is a complex of processes, involving dynamic signaling between neurons, glia, and blood vessels. Nearly every component of this process is affected in aging leading to changes in BOLD and pervasive age-related cognitive changes.
神经认知老化理论在很大程度上依赖于功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 来测试关于认知年龄差异的大脑基础的假设。该技术基于血氧水平依赖信号 (BOLD)，该信号源自协调的神经血管耦合，该耦合导致神经活动增加后血流量增加。在这里，我们回顾了关于血流和神经活动如何耦合的机制以及它们在衰老过程中如何变化的文献和当前争议。该文献表明，神经血管耦合是一个复杂的过程，涉及神经元、神经胶质和血管之间的动态信号。这个过程的几乎每个组成部分在衰老过程中都会受到影响，导致 BOLD 变化和普遍的与年龄相关的认知变化。
