Altieri Barbara, Di Dato Carla, Martini Chiara, Sciammarella Concetta, Di Sarno Antonella, Colao Annamaria, Faggiano Antongiulio
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
Cancers (Basel). 2019 Sep 8;11(9):1332. doi: 10.3390/cancers11091332.
Bone represents a common site of metastases for several solid tumors. However, the ability of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) to localize to bone has always been considered a rare and late event. Thanks to the improvement of therapeutic options, which results in longer survival, and of imaging techniques, particularly after the introduction of positron emission tomography (PET) with gallium peptides, the diagnosis of bone metastases (BMs) in NENs is increasing. The onset of BMs can be associated with severe skeletal complications that impair the patient's quality of life. Moreover, BMs negatively affect the prognosis of NEN patients, bringing out the lack of curative treatment options for advanced NENs. The current knowledge on BMs in gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) and bronchopulmonary (BP) NENs is still scant and is derived from a few retrospective studies and case reports. This review aims to perform a critical analysis of the evidence regarding the role of BMs in GEP- and BP-NENs, focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlining the development of BMs, as well as clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of BMs, in an attempt to provide suggestions that can be used in clinical practice.
骨是多种实体瘤常见的转移部位。然而,神经内分泌肿瘤(NENs)转移至骨的情况一直被认为是罕见的晚期事件。得益于治疗选择的改善(这使得患者生存期延长)以及成像技术的进步,尤其是在引入镓肽正电子发射断层扫描(PET)之后,NENs骨转移(BMs)的诊断率正在上升。BMs的发生可能与严重的骨骼并发症相关,这些并发症会损害患者的生活质量。此外,BMs对NEN患者的预后产生负面影响,凸显了晚期NENs缺乏治愈性治疗方案的问题。目前关于胃肠胰(GEP)和支气管肺(BP)NENs中BMs的知识仍然匮乏,且来源于少数回顾性研究和病例报告。本综述旨在对有关BMs在GEP和BP-NENs中作用的证据进行批判性分析,重点关注BMs发生发展的分子机制以及BMs的临床表现、诊断和治疗,试图提供可用于临床实践的建议。