The Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2020 Jan 2;10(1):a036822. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036822.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents an important and growing public health problem, chronically infecting an estimated 70 million people worldwide. This blood-borne pathogen is generating a new wave of infections in the United States, associated with increasing intravenous drug use over the last decade. In most cases, HCV establishes a chronic infection, sometimes causing cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although a curative therapy exists, it is extremely expensive and provides no barrier to reinfection; therefore, a vaccine is urgently needed. The virion is asymmetric and heterogeneous with the buoyancy and protein content similar to low-density lipoparticles. Core protein is unstructured, and of the two envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2, the function of E1 remains enigmatic. E2 is responsible for specifically binding host receptors CD81 and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). This review will focus on structural progress on HCV virion, core protein, envelope glycoproteins, and specific host receptors.
丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV) 是一个重要且不断增长的公共卫生问题，全球约有 7000 万人慢性感染 HCV。这种血液传播病原体在美国引发了新一波感染，与过去十年中静脉药物使用的增加有关。在大多数情况下，HCV 会导致慢性感染，有时会导致肝硬化、终末期肝病和肝细胞癌。虽然已经有了一种有效的治疗方法，但它非常昂贵，并且不能阻止再次感染；因此，迫切需要一种疫苗。病毒体呈不对称和异质状，浮力和蛋白质含量与低密度脂蛋白相似。核心蛋白无结构，两种包膜糖蛋白 E1 和 E2 中，E1 的功能仍然是个谜。E2 负责与宿主受体 CD81 和清道夫受体 B 型 I 类 (SR-BI) 特异性结合。这篇综述将重点介绍 HCV 病毒体、核心蛋白、包膜糖蛋白和特定宿主受体的结构进展。
