有风险饮酒者进食甜食对酒精渴求的急性影响。
Acute Effect of Eating Sweets on Alcohol Cravings in a Sample with At-Risk Drinking.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
出版信息
Ann Behav Med. 2020 Jan 24;54(2):132-138. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaz031.
BACKGROUND
Alcohol craving, or the desire to drink alcohol, has been identified as a key experience preceding alcohol use. Alcoholics Anonymous has long claimed that individuals can allay alcohol cravings by eating sweets. Empirical tests of this strategy are limited to a few preclinical studies in rats, and there is no existing experiment testing the acute effect of eating sweets on alcohol cravings in humans.
PURPOSE
The current study sought to experimentally test the acute effect of eating sweets on alcohol cravings in a sample with at-risk drinking.
METHODS
After being exposed to an alcohol cue, individuals with at-risk drinking (N = 150) were randomly assigned to eat sweets (n = 60), eat calorie-equivalent bland food (n = 60), or watch a video (n = 30). Caloric amounts were manipulated. Individuals with at-risk drinking were then exposed to a second alcohol cue. Changes in alcohol cravings from after the first to after the second alcohol cue were measured via visual analog scale and heart rate.
RESULTS
There were no significant between-group differences in changes in alcohol cravings. Caloric amounts did not modify effects.
CONCLUSIONS
Experimental findings did not provide evidence to support the clinical lore that eating sweets can reduce alcohol cravings, albeit only acutely and for those with at-risk drinking. Other empirically supported strategies for managing alcohol cravings (e.g., pharmacotherapies, mindfulness) could instead be promoted.
背景
饮酒欲望，或对饮酒的渴望，已被确定为饮酒前的关键体验。匿名戒酒会长期以来一直声称，人们可以通过吃甜食来缓解饮酒欲望。这种策略的实证测试仅限于少数针对大鼠的临床前研究，目前还没有现有的实验来测试人类吃甜食对饮酒欲望的急性影响。
目的
本研究旨在通过对有风险饮酒的样本进行实验，测试吃甜食对饮酒欲望的急性影响。
方法
在接触酒精线索后，有风险饮酒者（N=150）被随机分配吃甜食（n=60）、吃等量无味食物（n=60）或看视频（n=30）。控制热量摄入。然后，有风险饮酒者再次接触第二个酒精线索。通过视觉模拟量表和心率来测量从第一次到第二次接触酒精线索后饮酒欲望的变化。
结果
各组间饮酒欲望的变化无显著差异。热量摄入没有改变影响。
结论
实验结果并没有提供证据支持临床传说，即吃甜食可以减少饮酒欲望，尽管只是暂时的，而且只针对有风险饮酒者。可以转而推广其他经过实证支持的管理饮酒欲望的策略（例如，药物治疗、正念）。
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