Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Nutr. 2019 Dec 1;149(12):2174-2181. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz198.
BACKGROUND: The key to effective weight loss may be to match diet and gut microbes, since recent studies have found that subjects with high Prevotella abundances in their gut microbiota lose more weight on diets rich in fiber than subjects with low Prevotella abundances. OBJECTIVES: We reanalyzed a 6-wk, parallel, randomized trial to investigate difference in body weight changes when participants, stratified by fecal microbiota composition, consumed ad libitum a whole-grain (WG) or a refined-wheat (RW) diet. METHODS: We stratified 46 (19 men, 27 women; ages 30-65 y) healthy, overweight adults by baseline Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratios and Prevotella abundances. Subjects with no Prevotella were analyzed separately (n = 24). Compared with the RW diet (mean = 221 g/d), the WG diet (mean = 228 g/d) had a higher fiber content (33 g/d compared with 23 g/d). Linear mixed models and correlations were applied to link 6-wk changes in body weights and metabolic and microbiota markers, according to Prevotella groups and diets. RESULTS: The Prevotella abundances correlated inversely with weight changes (r = -0.34; P = 0.043). Consequently, subjects with high Prevotella abundances (n = 15) spontaneously lost 1.80 kg (95% CI: -3.23, -0.37 kg; P = 0.013) more on the WG diet than on the RW diet, whereas those with low Prevotella abundances (n = 31) were weight stable (-0.22 kg; 95% CI: -1.40, 0.96 kg; P = 0.72). Thus, the mean difference between the Prevotella groups was 2.02 kg (95% CI: -3.87, -0.17 kg; P = 0.032). Subjects with no Prevotella lost 1.59 kg (95% CI: -2.65, -0.52 kg; P = 0.004) more on the WG diet than on the RW diet. No 6-wk changes in appetite sensations, glucose metabolisms, or fecal SCFAs were associated with the Prevotella groups. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy, overweight adults with high Prevotella abundances lost more weight than subjects with low Prevotella abundances when consuming a diet rich in WG and fiber ad libitum for 6 wk. This further supports enterotypes as a potential biomarker in personalized nutrition for obesity management. This t rial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02358122.
背景：有效的减肥关键可能是使饮食和肠道微生物相匹配，因为最近的研究发现，肠道微生物群中普雷沃氏菌丰度较高的受试者在富含纤维的饮食中比普雷沃氏菌丰度较低的受试者减肥效果更好。
目的：我们重新分析了一项为期 6 周、平行、随机试验，以研究当参与者按粪便微生物组成分层，随意摄入全谷物（WG）或精制小麦（RW）饮食时，体重变化的差异。
方法：我们根据基线普雷沃氏菌与拟杆菌的比值和普雷沃氏菌丰度将 46 名（19 名男性，27 名女性；年龄 30-65 岁）健康超重成年人分层。没有普雷沃氏菌的人单独进行分析（n=24）。与 RW 饮食（平均 221 g/d）相比，WG 饮食（平均 228 g/d）的纤维含量更高（33 g/d 比 23 g/d）。根据普雷沃氏菌组和饮食，应用线性混合模型和相关性将 6 周的体重变化以及代谢和微生物群标志物联系起来。
结果：普雷沃氏菌丰度与体重变化呈负相关（r=-0.34；P=0.043）。因此，普雷沃氏菌丰度较高的受试者（n=15）在 WG 饮食中自发减轻了 1.80 公斤（95%CI：-3.23，-0.37 公斤；P=0.013），而普雷沃氏菌丰度较低的受试者（n=31）体重保持稳定（-0.22 公斤；95%CI：-1.40，0.96 公斤；P=0.72）。因此，普雷沃氏菌组之间的平均差异为 2.02 公斤（95%CI：-3.87，-0.17 公斤；P=0.032）。没有普雷沃氏菌的受试者在 WG 饮食中比 RW 饮食多减轻 1.59 公斤（95%CI：-2.65，-0.52 公斤；P=0.004）。6 周内食欲感觉、葡萄糖代谢或粪便短链脂肪酸无变化与普雷沃氏菌组相关。
结论：健康超重成年人在随意摄入富含 WG 和纤维的饮食 6 周时，普雷沃氏菌丰度较高的受试者比普雷沃氏菌丰度较低的受试者减重更多。这进一步支持肠型作为肥胖管理个性化营养的潜在生物标志物。本试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册为 NCT02358122。
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