LoVerde Janet A, Kerber Cindy, Jenkins Sheryl
Mennonite College of Nursing at Illinois State University, Normal, IL.
Nurs Forum. 2019 Oct;54(4):629-635. doi: 10.1111/nuf.12387. Epub 2019 Sep 10.
Use of manipulatives is an active learning strategy that relies on student interaction with objects to help them understand abstract concepts. Manipulatives are frequently used in elementary and middle schools but literature demonstrates that they are also effective tools for adult learners. The aim of this concept analysis is to evaluate the use of manipulatives in education and its applicability to nursing education. Walker and Avant's eight-step concept analysis process was used for this evaluation. Google Scholar, EPSCO, PubMed, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases were searched using the terms manipulative and manipulatives, college or higher education, and teaching strategies. Three defining attributes emerged from the analysis: manipulatives must be positively engaging to students, learners must interact with objects or virtual graphics, and objects or graphics must be used to facilitate learning. Based on these defining attributes an operational definition is proposed. The model case provides an example of the use of manipulatives in nursing education, whereas additional cases support the defining attributes and the operational definition. Empirical referents describe uses of manipulatives in nursing education, both in academic and clinical settings. The concept of manipulatives and their defining attributes can be used by nurse educators to plan, organize, and evaluate education programs.
使用教具是一种主动学习策略，它依赖于学生与物体的互动来帮助他们理解抽象概念。教具在小学和中学经常使用，但文献表明它们也是成人学习者的有效工具。本概念分析的目的是评估教具在教育中的使用及其在护理教育中的适用性。本评估采用了沃克和阿万特的八步概念分析过程。使用“教具”“大学或高等教育”以及“教学策略”等术语对谷歌学术、EPSCO、PubMed以及护理与联合健康文献累积索引数据库进行了检索。分析得出了三个定义属性：教具必须能让学生积极参与，学习者必须与物体或虚拟图形进行互动，并且必须使用物体或图形来促进学习。基于这些定义属性，提出了一个操作定义。典型案例提供了教具在护理教育中使用的示例，而其他案例则支持定义属性和操作定义。实证参照描述了教具在护理教育中的使用情况，包括学术和临床环境。护士教育工作者可以使用教具的概念及其定义属性来规划、组织和评估教育项目。
