Hanfstingl Barbara
Institute of Instructional and School Development, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria.
Front Psychol. 2019 Aug 27;10:1949. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01949. eCollection 2019.
This paper discusses theoretical and epistemological problems concerning validity of psychological science in the context of latent constructs. I consider the use of latent constructs as one reason for the replicability crisis. At the moment, there exist different constructs describing the same psychological phenomena side by side, and different psychological phenomena that are reflected by the same latent construct. Hagger called them déjà-variables, which lead to a decreasing validity of measurements and inhibit a deeper understanding of psychological phenomena. To overcome this problem, I suggest a shift of theoretical and epistemological perspective on latent constructs. One main point is the explicit consideration of latent constructs as mental representations, which change objects and are changed by objects via assimilative and accommodative processes. The explicit orientation toward assimilation and accommodation allows the control of normally automatized processes that influence our understanding of psychological phenomena and their corresponding latent constructs. I argue that assimilation and accommodation are part of our research practice anyway and cause the mentioned problems. For example, taking a measurement is an assimilative process, and thus a high measurement error should lead to an increase of accommodative processes. Taking into account these considerations, I suggest consequences for research practices, for individual researchers and for the philosophy of science.
本文探讨了在潜在构念背景下,与心理科学有效性相关的理论和认识论问题。我认为使用潜在构念是可重复性危机的一个原因。目前,存在不同的构念同时描述相同的心理现象,以及由相同潜在构念反映的不同心理现象。哈格称它们为“似曾相识变量”,这导致测量效度降低,并阻碍对心理现象的深入理解。为克服这一问题,我建议转变对潜在构念的理论和认识论视角。一个要点是明确将潜在构念视为心理表征,它通过同化和顺应过程改变对象并被对象改变。明确以同化和顺应为导向,可以控制那些通常会影响我们对心理现象及其相应潜在构念理解的自动化过程。我认为同化和顺应无论如何都是我们研究实践的一部分,并且会导致上述问题。例如,进行测量是一个同化过程,因此高测量误差应该会导致顺应过程增加。考虑到这些因素,我提出了对研究实践、个体研究者以及科学哲学的启示。