Littleton Heather L, Grills-Taquechel Amie
East Carolina University.
Psychol Trauma. 2011 Dec 1;3(4):421-429. doi: 10.1037/a0021381.
There is growing recognition that individuals vary in their response to traumatic experiences. Resick and Schnicke (1992) developed an information processing model of trauma response patterns, theorizing that individuals vary in how they integrate the experience into their schematic beliefs. Specifically, individuals can respond to trauma by assimilation, altering the trauma to fit with extant schemas; accommodation, altering extant schemas; or over-accommodation, engaging in maladaptive schema change. Littleton (2007) supported that these response patterns are reflected in distinct coping patterns among rape victims. The current study utilized latent profile analysis (LPA) to replicate Littleton's (2007) findings in a sample of 340 college rape victims, as well as evaluated the extent to which these response patterns were related to distress, trauma-related schemas, re-victimization risk behaviors, and re-victimization. Results of the LPA supported the existence of the three response patterns. In addition, victims classified into the three response patterns differed in their distress, adherence to trauma-related schemas, and re-victimization risk behaviors. While no significant differences in re-victimization rates were found, re-victimization was common. Implications of the findings for future research and intervention are discussed.
人们越来越认识到，个体对创伤经历的反应存在差异。雷斯克和施尼克（1992年）提出了一种创伤反应模式的信息处理模型，理论认为个体在将经历整合到其图式信念的方式上存在差异。具体而言，个体对创伤的反应可以是同化，即改变创伤以符合现有图式；顺应，即改变现有图式；或过度顺应，即进行适应不良的图式改变。利特尔顿（2007年）支持这些反应模式反映在强奸受害者不同的应对模式中。本研究采用潜在剖面分析（LPA）在340名大学强奸受害者样本中复制利特尔顿（2007年）的研究结果，并评估这些反应模式与痛苦、创伤相关图式、再次受害风险行为以及再次受害之间的关联程度。潜在剖面分析的结果支持了这三种反应模式的存在。此外，被归类为这三种反应模式的受害者在痛苦程度、对创伤相关图式的坚持程度以及再次受害风险行为方面存在差异。虽然在再次受害率方面未发现显著差异，但再次受害情况很常见。本文讨论了研究结果对未来研究和干预的启示。
