Endogenous panophthalmitis: A case series.

PURPOSE

• Two rare and unusual cases of endogenous panophthalmitis from are presented with mechanisms for infection explored. - The first patient had history of intravenous drug use (IVDU) without any medical implants. The second patient, in addition to IVDU, had a history of end-stage renal disease with upper extremity arteriovenous fistula graft infection from confirmed by wound culture. One patient had a history of licking the needles prior to IV drug injection. Clinical exam in both cases revealed light perception vision, relative afferent pupillary defect, periorbital edema with limited extraocular motility, and hypopyon in the affected eyes. Cultures from the anterior chamber aspirate were positive for in the first case and demonstrated Gram-negative rods in the second. Attempted vitreous aspiration was unsuccessful at obtaining specimens. Computed tomography demonstrated orbital fat stranding without abscess, and histopathology showed intense neutrophilic infiltration in all layers of enucleated specimen in case one.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE

Needle licking may be an underappreciated mechanism for endogenous endophthalmitis in intravenous drug users. This report includes the first case in the literature, to authors' knowledge, of non-nosocomial endogenous panophthalmitis with orbital cellulitis. The second case illustrates a rare consequence of the rise in arteriovenous fistula placement and dialysis across the United States, which may predispose to future cases of endogenous endophthalmitis. This series supports previous observations of endogenous endophthalmitis exhibiting a generally poor visual prognosis.