Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherches en Oncologie, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2019 Jul;84(7):773-781. doi: 10.1134/S0006297919070083.
Understanding of the functioning of MUC1 (human mucin) has advanced significantly over 40 years of its investigation. The anti-adhesive properties of the extracellular domain, which were the main focus of early studies initially explaining overexpression of MUC1 in progressing oncological diseases, were gradually put on the back burner. Researchers became more interested in its regulatory and signaling functions in cells rather in its anti-adhesive properties. The found the ability of MUC1 for signal transduction, and its ability to participate in cell metabolism opened new possibilities for improved control over cancer cells in addition to just attracting antigens of the immune system to a target. Nevertheless, there are issues in the functioning of MUC1 that raise doubts about its effectiveness in cancer immunotherapy.
对 MUC1（人粘蛋白）功能的理解在其 40 多年的研究中取得了重大进展。最初，人们主要关注细胞外结构域的抗黏附特性，该特性初步解释了 MUC1 在进展性肿瘤疾病中的过度表达，这是早期研究的主要焦点，但后来逐渐被搁置。研究人员对其在细胞中的调节和信号功能更感兴趣，而不是其抗黏附特性。研究人员发现 MUC1 具有信号转导能力，并且能够参与细胞代谢，这除了吸引免疫系统的抗原到靶标之外，还为更好地控制癌细胞提供了新的可能性。然而，MUC1 的功能存在一些问题，这让人对其在癌症免疫治疗中的有效性产生了怀疑。
