Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden.
Environ Int. 2019 Dec;133(Pt A):105123. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105123. Epub 2019 Sep 12.
Bisphenols and triclosan are considered as potential thyroid disruptors. While mild alterations in maternal thyroid function can result in adverse pregnancy and child developmental outcomes, there is still uncertainty whether bisphenols or triclosan can interfere with thyroid function during pregnancy.
We aimed to investigate the association of urinary bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF) and triclosan with early pregnancy thyroid function.
This study was embedded in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy study (SELMA), a population-based prospective pregnancy cohort. In total, 1996 participants were included in the current study. Maternal urinary concentrations of three bisphenols and triclosan, collected at median (95% range) 10 (6-14) weeks of pregnancy as well as serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total thyroxine (TT4), and total triiodothyronine (TT3) were measured.
Higher BPA levels were associated with lower TT4 concentrations (non-monotonic, P = 0.03), a lower FT4/FT3 ratio (β [SE] -0.02 [0.01], P = 0.03) and a lower TT4/TT3 ratio (β [SE] -0.73 [0.27], P = 0.008). Higher BPF levels were associated with a higher FT3 (β [SE] 0.01 [0.007], P = 0.04). There were no associations between other bisphenols or triclosan and absolute TSH, (F)T4 or (F)T3 concentrations. The association of BPA with thyroid function differed with gestational age. The negative association of BPA with FT4/FT3 and TT4/TT3 ratios was only apparent in early but not late gestation (P for interaction: 0.003, 0.008, respectively).
These human data during pregnancy substantiate experimental findings suggesting that BPA could potentially affect thyroid function and deiodinase activities in early gestation.
双酚类和三氯生被认为是潜在的甲状腺干扰物。虽然母体甲状腺功能的轻微改变可能导致妊娠和儿童发育不良，但仍不确定双酚类或三氯生是否会在妊娠期间干扰甲状腺功能。
我们旨在研究尿中双酚 A（BPA）、双酚 S（BPS）、双酚 F（BPF）和三氯生与早期妊娠甲状腺功能的关系。
本研究嵌入了瑞典环境纵向、母婴、哮喘和过敏研究（SELMA），这是一个基于人群的前瞻性妊娠队列。共有 1996 名参与者被纳入本研究。在妊娠中位数（95%范围）10（6-14）周时，测量了母亲尿液中三种双酚类和三氯生的浓度以及促甲状腺激素（TSH）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、总甲状腺素（TT4）和总三碘甲状腺原氨酸（TT3）的血清浓度。
较高的 BPA 水平与 TT4 浓度降低（非单调，P=0.03）、FT4/FT3 比值降低（β[SE]-0.02[0.01]，P=0.03）和 TT4/TT3 比值降低（β[SE]-0.73[0.27]，P=0.008）有关。较高的 BPF 水平与 FT3 升高有关（β[SE]0.01[0.007]，P=0.04）。其他双酚类或三氯生与绝对 TSH、（F）T4 或（F）T3 浓度之间没有关联。BPA 与甲状腺功能的关系随孕龄而不同。BPA 与 FT4/FT3 和 TT4/TT3 比值的负相关仅在早期妊娠而不在晚期妊娠中明显（交互作用 P 值：0.003，0.008）。
这些在妊娠期间的人类数据证实了实验结果，表明 BPA 可能会在早期妊娠期间潜在地影响甲状腺功能和脱碘酶活性。
